Varicose veins Flashcards
What are varicose veins?
Distended superficial veins measuring more than 3mm - usually affecting the legs
What are reticular veins?
Dilated blood vessels in the skin which measure 1-3mm in diameter
What is telangiectasia?
Dilated blood vessels in skin <1mm. Also known as spider/ thread veins
Why do varicose veins development?
One way valves in the perforating veins that connect the superficial and deep veins become incompetent. This causes blood to pool, hence dilate and engorge.
What causes venous eczema?
Pooling of blood in the distal tissues results in inflammation - causing the skin to become dry and inflamed.
What is lipodermatosclerosis?
The skin + soft tissues become fibrotic + tight - causing the lower legs to narrow and harden.
What are risk factors for varicose veins?
Old age Family history Female Pregnancy Obesity Prolonged standing Deep vein thrombosis
How do varicose veins present?
May be asymptomatic but visible on examination. Heavy / dragging sensation in the legs Aching Itching Burning Oedema Muscle cramps Restless legs May also show signs of chronic venous insufficiency
Learn the special tests for varicose veins??
How are varicose veins managed?
Lifestyle changes - weight loss, exercise, compression stockings
Keep leg elevated when possible to help drainage
Surgical options
- endothermal ablation
- sclerotherapy (inject irritate that causes closure of vein)
- stripping (veins are ligated and pulled out)
What are some complications of varicose veins?
Prolonged and heavy bleeding after trauma
Superficial thrombophlebitis - thrombosis + inflammation of superficial veins
DVT
Often presents alongside - Chronic venous insufficiency + its associated symptoms
In what position should someone with varicose veins be examined?
Standing up to increase venous congestion due to gravity
Should I add in about sapheana varix?
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