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IGCSE - Biology > Varitey of living organisms > Flashcards

Varitey of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A 
Bacteria
Protoctists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
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2
Q

What characteristics do all living organisms share?

A 
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity  
Control
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion 
Nutrition
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3
Q

What are characteristics of plants?

A
  • Multicellular
  • Contain chloaplasts
  • Able to carry out photosynthesis
  • Cellulose cell wall (complex carbohydrate structure)
  • Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose
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3
Q

Give some examples of plants

A
  • Herbaceous legumes (peas and beans)

- Cereals (maize)

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4
Q

What are characteristics of animals?

A
  • Multicellular
  • Do not contain chlorphyll
  • Unable to carry out photosynthesis
  • No cell wall
  • Have a coordination nervous system
  • Often store carbohydrates as glycogen
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5
Q

Give some examples of animals

A

House fly, mosquito and humans.

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of fungi?

A
  • Single celled
  • Body organised into a mycelium
  • Not able to photosynthesis
  • Cell wall made of chitin
  • Saprotrophic nutrition
  • May store carbohydrates as glycogen
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7
Q

What is saprotrophic nutrition?

A

A type of feeding where digestive enzymes are secreted outside the cells. The digested products are reabsorbed into the fungi.

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8
Q

Give examples of fungi

A

Mycelium of mucor and yeast

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9
Q

What is mycelium?

A

A large tangled mass of threads

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10
Q

What should you label on the picture of a mycelium of mucor?

A
  • Spore case
  • Spores (a sexual reproductive structure)
  • Hypha (hyphae pl)
  • Mycelium
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11
Q

What is yeast?

A

A unicellular fungi used in the food and drink industry. They do no reproduce by spores like other fungi but do by budding.

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12
Q

What would be labelled on a yeast cell?

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cell wall
  • Mitochondria
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13
Q

What are characteristics of bacteria?

A
  • Microscopic single celled organisms
  • Simple cell structure with no nucleus but a single circular chromosome of DNA
  • Most feed on either dead or living organisms
  • Some can carry out photosynthesis
  • Some have flagellum which allows them swim
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14
Q

What would you label on a bacterium?

A
  • Cell wall
  • DNA strand
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Some have plasmid (ring of DNA)
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15
Q

What do plasmid often carry?

A

A gene that is resistant to antibodies eg MRSA

16
Q

Give examples of some bacteria

A

Lactabacillus bulgaricus and pvneumococeus

17
Q

What is lactobacillus?

A

Long rod shape used in production of yoghurt from milk

18
Q

Pnemococcus

A

Spherical bacteria that are the cause of pneumonia

19
Q

What are characteristics of protoctists?

A
  • Microscopic single celled organisms

- Some are animal like, some are plant like

20
Q

Give examples of protoctists

A

Amoba - have animal like features
Chorella - have plant like features (have chloroplasts)
Plasmodium - a pathogenic responsible for malaria

21
Q

What are characteristics of viruses?

A
  • Small particles (smaller than bacteria)
  • Parasitic and can only reproduce in living cells
  • No cellular structure but a protein coat
  • Contain one type of nucleic (DNA or RNA)
22
Q

What would you label on a virus diagram?

A
  • Protein coat
  • Antigens (DNA or RNA)
  • Genetic information
23
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Organisms that cause disease

23
Q

Give examples of viruses

A
  • Influenza virus
  • Tobacco mosaic virus (makes leaves of tobacco plants discoloured by stopping them from producing chloroplasts)
  • HIV
24
Q

What organisms do pathogens include?

A

Some fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses.

25
Q

Give an example of a pathogen from:

Protoctists
Bacterium
Viruses

A

Protoctists: Plasmodium, which causes maleria
Bacterium: Pneumococcus, which causes pneumonia
Viruses: Influenza (causes flu) and HIV (causes AIDS)

IGCSE - Biology (20 decks)

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