Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathology > Vascular 2 > Flashcards

Vascular 2 Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans aka

A

Buerger’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans is an inflammatory thrombotic process resulting from

A

vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans affects blood vessels where?

A

Peripheral blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vasospasm occluding and eventually obliterating small and medium sized vessels of the hands and feet can result from

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thromboangiitis obliterans is most common in what population

A

Smoker men younger than 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

Pain/tenderness
Reduced blood flow and O2
Intermittent claudication of arch and foot or palm of hand (may be asymmetrical)
Other: edema, cold sensitivity, rub or, cyanosis, thin shiny hairless skin, parenthesias, diminished pulse
Ulceration and gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Management of Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

Cessation of smoking, vasodilators and pain reliever (surgery can be required)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arterial occlusive diseases usually occur as a result of

A

Atherosclerosis
(Other causes: trauma, thrombus, embolism, vasculitis, spasms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arterial occlusive diseases manifestation depends on

A

Location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arterial occlusive diseases in the brain results in ______ and in the intensities result in _____

A

Brain -> Hemiplegia, weakness, blurred vision

Intestines -> Ischemic colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diminished distal pulses, pain, numbness, cold, tingling or sensation changes, skin color changes and hair loss, pallor, venous filling delayed following foot elevation (>30 sec), weakness and muscle spasm in the extremity distal to block, intermittent claudication, death of tissue from gangrene.

These are signs and symptoms of what

A

Arterial occlusive diseases: arterial insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment for arterial occlusive diseases

A

Anticoagulation therapy
Protection of limb
Embolectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
(Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD))

A

Proliferation of intima causes obliteration of lumen of artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is most common arterial occlusive disease? (95%)

A

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
(Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Risk factors for Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

A

“Same as coronary atherosclerosis”
Common in elderly
Develops earlier in DM and smokers
Bilateral, progressive, intermittent claudication
Present in calf muscles (exacerbated by walking and relieved by rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical manifestations of Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

A

Diameter of vessels narrows by 50%
Large and medium sized arteries with some branches
Symptoms occur distal to narrowing
Acute ischemia (pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Occlusive Disease of LE arteries arteries. What areas can it affect

A

Distal aorta and iliac
Femoral and pop literal
Tibial and common peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (PAD) usually develops over how much time?

A

Years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment for Arteriosclerosis

A

Smoking cessation, dietary management, daily walking, prevent skin breakdown and injury, medications, surgical interventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a potentially life threatening complication of any vascular condition?

A

Thrombus developing and turning into an embolism (breaking off and carried into heart, brain, lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Thrombophlebitis

A

Partial or complete occlusion of a vein by thrombus with secondary inflammatory reaction in the wall of the vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is thrombophlebitis most common

A

Lower extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is it called when thrombophlebitis is in deep veins?

24
Q

Thrombophlebitis can dislodge and travel where?

Study These Flashcards
A

Lungs, creating pulmonary embolism

25
Risk factors for thrombophlebitis
Immobility (Venous blood stasis) Trauma (venous damage)
26
Venous stasis is
Slow blood flow (in leg) usually caused from immobility (prolonged bed rest)
27
Risk factors of thrombophlebitis
Lifestyle - Hormone status, oral contraceptive, meds, pregnancy, IVF, smoking Hypercoagulation - genetics or neoplasms
28
Clinical manifestations of thrombophlebitis
Early stages pain is a dull ache, a tight feeling Signs are often absent. When present may be a variable and inconsistent Unilateral tenderness of leg pain, unilateral swelling, leg is relatively warmer than the other side, discoloration (cyanotic), varicose vein and ulcers
29
Treatment for thrombophlebitis
Pharmacology: Anticoagulants Symptomatic: Bed rest, elevation of legs, swelling/tenderness -> subsided ambulation and wear compression, avoid prolonged standing
30
Prognosis of thrombophlebitis
Return to prior function usually occur
31
Varicose veins is what
Abnormal dilation of veins (usually saphenous) (LE)
32
Varicose veins leads to
twisting and turning of vessels, incompetence of the valves and a tendency to thrombosis
33
Risk factors for varicose veins
Periods of high venous pressure Hormonal changes Obesity Heart failure Constipation, hemorrhoids, cirrhosis
34
Treatment for varicose veins
Periodic rests with elevation Promote circulation, massage Limited prolonged activity Elastic stockings Surgical intervention can be required (sclerotherpay or surface laser treatment)
35
Chronic venous insufficiency is
Inadequate venous return over a long period of time
36
What occurs when damaged veins or valves prevent venous return, increased venous pressure produces venous stasis
Chronic venous insufficiency
37
Treatment for chronic venous insufficiency
Compression stockings Exercise Weight control Wearing apparel Elevation above the level of heart Avoiding long periods of sitting or standing
38
Vasomotor disorders of blood vessels include…
Raynaud’s Disease/Phenomenon and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
39
Raynaud’s Disease is
Vasospastic disorder - Hyperactivation of the sympathetic vasomotor response
40
Intermittent episodes of small artery constriction of extremities… - are more common in… - causes ___ and ____ of digits - occur in response to what 2 scenarios?
- Fingers and toes, but more in fingers - Cyanosis and pallor - cold or strong emotion
41
Raynaud’s disease occurs in how much of the population, what sex more commonly, and can it be a sign for other pathologies?
10-20% population More in women Yes, can be sign of other pathologies
42
Raynaud’s disease is ______ etiology while phenomenon is ____ etiology
Disease = unknown Phenomenon = Secondary to other disease
43
Treatment of Raynaud’s is _____ or ____
Prevention: (temp, emotional stress, nicotine) Alleviation: Education (stress management, relaxation, exercise) or pharmacological (vasodilators and analgesics)
44
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is
Severe chronically painful condition usually involving one limb (arm or leg)
45
CRPS is thought to be what kind of disorder, but not completely understood
Vasospastic motor
46
Characterized by…
severe, constant burning pain in the affected limb
47
CRPS usually starts after a precipitating event such as… The original event is usually…
Trauma, crush injury, fracture, plaster cast wear or stroke. Mild compared to following pain
48
CRPS is triggered by
Nerve fiber damage in the injured tissue : nerves then become hypersensitive to incoming sensory signalsls
49
CRPS results in 2 types of peripheral sensitization. Name and explain them
Allodynia: Inc in pain due to non painful stimulus (not supposed to be painful) Hyperalgesia: More pain with painful stimulus (should be painful but now heightened)
50
CRPS Types: I and II. Explain differences
I: No specific nerve is identified. Most common. II: A specific nerve is injured. Has 3 overlapping but identifiable stages. Not everyone goes through every stage.
51
Stages of CRPS (Type II); what are they called/main process
I: Acute inflammation II: Dystrophic III: Atrophic
52
Describe in depth stage I of CRPS (Type II) (Time, Pain, Edema, Vasomotor/thermal changes, Skin)
-Time: Earliest stage; beings up to 10 days, lasts 3-6 months -Limb may become dry, hot, red, painful -Pain: More severe than expected, burning or aching. Increased by dependent position and physical contact. Hyperalgesia and allodynia - Edema: Soft and localized -Vasomotor/thermal changes: Affected limb is warmer. - Skin: Hyperthermia and dry. Increased hair and nail growth
53
Describe in depth stage II of CRPS (Type II) (Time, Pain, Edema, Vasomotor/thermal changes, Skin)
Paradoxic Sympathetic Hyperactivity -Occurs 3-6 months after onset -Pain: Worsens, constant, burning, aching. Allodynia and Hyperalgesia always present -Edema: Becomes thicker/fibrotic, causing joint stiffness. Vasomotor/thermal changes: Neither warm, nor cold Skin: Thin, glossy, cool (vasoconstriction) and sweaty
54
Describe in depth stage III of CRPS (Type II) (Time, Pain, Edema, Vasomotor/thermal changes, Skin)
Atrophic - Time: 6-12 months after onset, may last for years or may resolve and reoccur - Pain: Spreads proximal, joint stiffness progresses - Edema: Continues to harden - Vasomotor/thermal changes: Affected limb is color - Skin: Thin, shiny, cyanotic, dry fingertips and toes on involved extremity are Atrophic. Fascia is thickened, contractures may occur.
55
Clinical manifestations of CRPS
Pain, edema, movement disorders (inability to initiate movement, weakness, tremor, muscle spasm, atrophy), abnormal vasomotor changes (temperature, color)
56
Diagnosis and treatment of CRPS
All symptoms are required to make diagnosis X-rays, bone scan, thermography, EMG, NCS. Treatment: Pain management +PT + psychotherapy
57
Prognosis of CRPS:
The earlier the condition is diagnosed, the better the prognosis The overall response rate to treatment is poor: >50% of patients reporting significant pain and sometimes disability years later

Pathology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions