Vascular dementia

Question 1

3 main subtypes of vascular dementia

Answer 1

1. Stroke-related VD – multi-infarct or single-infarct dementia
2. Subcortical VD – caused by small vessel disease
3. Mixed dementia – the presence of both VD and Alzheimer’s disease

Question 2

Risk factors for development vascular dementia

Answer 2

• stroke/TIA
• AF
• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hyperlipidaemia
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Coronary heart disease
• FHx of stroke

Question 3

Rarely vascular dementia can be inherited as part of what condition?

Answer 3

CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)

Question 4

How does vascular dementia typically present

Answer 4

sudden/stepwise deterioration of cognitive function

• visual disturbance, sensory or motor symptoms
• difficulty with attention and concentration
• Seizures
• Memory disturbance
• Gait disturbance
• Speech disturbance
• Emotional disturbance