Vascular System/Blood Supply to CNS Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Blood vessels brings blood to the heart
A
Vein
2
Q
Blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart
A
Arteries
3
Q
Blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins
A
Capillaries
4
Q
where the nutrients get exchanged
A
Capillary beds
5
Q
A
Venules
6
Q
A
Arterioles
7
Q
What are the 3 blood vessels that the upper limb and head get its blood supply from?
A
- Left subclavian artery (left limb)
- Left common carotid (head and neck to supply brain/spinal cord)
- Brachiocephalic trunk (arm and head)
8
Q
What do the left subclavian artery supply?
A
Left limb
9
Q
What do the left common carotid artery supply?
A
Brain and Spinal cord
10
Q
What do the brachiocephalic artery (trunk) supply?
A
Arm and Head
11
Q
What is the organization of the Upper Limb?
A
- Shoulder
- Arm
- Forearm
- Hand
- Fingers
12
Q
term that mean it will split into two
A
Common
13
Q
An conjunction of two or more vessels supplying the same body region (e.g brain or heart)
A
Anastomosis
13
Q
What is the name of the artery that pass through the temporal lobe?
A
Middle cerebral artery
13
Q
An alternate route of blood to a body part through an anastomosis
A
Collateral Circulation
13
Q
Arteries that do not anastomose
A
End arteries
13
Q
In anatomical position the ulnar artery is on what side of the body?
A
Medial
13
Q
In anatomical position the radial artery is on what side of the body?
A
Lateral
14
Q
The temporal lobe is responsible for
A
15
Q
What is the name of the artery that pass through the frontal lobe?
A
Anterior Cerebral Artery
16
Q
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
A
17
Q
What is the name of the artery that pass through the occipital lobe?
A
Posterior Cerebral Artery
18
Q
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
A
19
Q
What is the name of the artery that pass through the parietal lobe?
A
Middle Cerebral Artery
20
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
21
what is the whole neural tube called?
Neuraxis
22
What are the 5 developmental regions?
1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesentephalon
4. Metencephalon
5. Mylencephalon
23
The brainstem is made up of:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
24
What are the 3 parts the brain is divided into?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
25
What do the forebrain consist of?
Diencephalon
Telencephalon
26
What do the midbrain consist of?
Mesentephalon
27
What do the hindbrain consist of
Metencephalon
Myelentephalon
28
What do the Telencephalon form?
Cerebrum
29
What do the Diencephalon form?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
30
What do the Mesentephalon form?
Midbrain
31
What do the Metencephalon form?
Pons
Cerebellum
32
What do the Myelencephalon form?
Medulla oblongata
33
What are the 4 lobes?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
34
What lobes are buried inside the brain?
Insula lobe
Lymbic lobe (bent)
35
What are the names of the 2 gyrus that the lymbic lobe is made of?
1. Cingulate gyrus (bent part)
2. Parahippocampal gyrus (under)
36
What is always a fissure?
Longitudinal fissure
37
What is always a sulcus?
Central sulcus
38
What gyrus is anterior to the central sulcus?
Precentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex)
39
What gyrus is posterior to the central sulcus?
Postcentral gyrus (Primary somatosensory cortex)
40
part of the brain that voluntarily execute motor function.
Primary motor cortex
41
part of the brain responsible for somatic sensations
Primary somatosensory cortex
42
What are the 3 types of sensations?
1. Somatosensations
2. Visceral sensations (internal organs)
3. special sensations
43
Examples of special sensations:
seeing
hearing
tasting
smell
vestibular
44
Examples of visceral sensations:
nausea
hunger
45
Examples of somatosensations:
Touch
Temperature
46
What sulcus separate the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus
47
What sulcus separate the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?
parieto-occipital sulcus
48
What sulcus separate the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe?
lateral fissure
49
The primary area (cortex) of a lobe has a what?
single gyrus
50
The association area (cortex) has what
many gyri
51
What is the pre-central gyrus also know as?
Primary motor cortex
52
What is the primary motor cortex responsible for?
execution of voluntary motor activity
53
What separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
54
cells organized according to where in the body the cells are (motor cortex divided into areas)
Somatopic organization
55
opposite side of the body is called
contralateral
56
same side of the body is called
ipsilateral
57
what are the three arteries that bring blood to the brain?
anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery
58
inability to move muscles
paralysis
59
part of the brain that has to do with executive function and personality (e.g., decision making)
Pre-frontal cortex
60
Where do the parietal lobe begin?
post central gyrus
61
The parietal lobe is also know as the
primary sensory cortex
62
inability to feel sensation
Anesthesia
63
a cortex that receives sensory information from the somatic senses, plus proprioceptive senses
primary somatosensory cortex
64
integrates sensory information from the primary somatosensory cortex to construct an understanding of the object being felt (e.g., pain).
somatosensory association area
65
What senses are controlled by primary somatosensory?
1. proprioception (position in space)
2. pain
3. temperature
4. touch
66
the visual processing area of the brain
occipital lobe
67
processes visual information
visual association cortex
68
inability to see
blindness
69
processes auditory information
temporal lobe
70
primary auditory cortex
71
the primary auditory cortex is also known as the
superior temporal gyrus
72
tonotopic organization
73
if one temporal lobe is damaged you will have _____, if both temporal lobes are damaged you will have ____
partial deafness, complete deafness
74
olfaction is in what lobe
temporal lobe
75
inability to smell
anosmia
76
inability to formulate speech
Broca's aphasia
77
Where is the Broca's area located?
frontal lobe
78
area responsible for speech production
wernicke's area
79
where is the Wernicke's are located?
left temporal lobe, ocipital, and parietal lobe
80
inability to understand or express speech/language
Wernicke's aphasia
81
White matter tracts
82
What are the 3 white matter tracts?
Association fiber tracts
Commissural fiber tracts
Projection fiber tracts
83
white matter tracts that communicate to ipsilateral cortical areas
Association fiber
84
a type of association fiber that starts at the frontal cortex to the occipital cortex and branches off to the temporal cortex
Superior longitudinal faciculus
85
what is the largest bundle of white matter in the body?
Corpus callosum
86
a type of fiber that projects from any other brain structure ipsilateral to the cortex
Projection fiber
87
a type of fiber that runs from one hemisphere to another
Commissural fiber
88
a structure in the brain that has axons that separate the nuclei and project up into the cortex
internal capsule
89
what are the ventricles called located in the telencephalon?
lateral ventricles
90
the most conscious part of the brain that processes sensory, motor, and memory information and is the site for reasoning, language, non-verbal communication, intelligence, and personality
cerebral cortex
91
What is the surface of the cerebrum called?
cerebral cortex
92
What are the cortical areas in the frontal lobe?
prefrontal cortex
motor cortex
broca's area
93
What are the cortical areas in the parietal lobe?
somatosensory cortex
posterior parietal cotex
94
What are the cortical areas in the temporal lobe?
95
What are the cortical areas in the occipital lobe?
96
