VASCULAR WB EX Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media than arteries
A
tunica media
2
Q
Outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum
A
tunica adventitia
3
Q
Inner layer of the vascular system
A
tunica intima
4
Q
Communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network
A
anastomosis
5
Q
Minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems
A
capillaries
6
Q
Arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine
A
superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
7
Q
Vascular structures that carry blood away from the heart
A
arteries
8
Q
Small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver
A
left hepatic artery
9
Q
The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these, which supply blood to the lower extremities
A
common iliac arteries
10
Q
Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney
A
right renal artery
11
Q
Branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum
A
gastroduodenal artery
12
Q
Largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity
A
aorta
13
Q
Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
A
inferior mesenteric artery
14
Q
Arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus
A
left gastric artery
15
Q
Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum
A
splenic artery
16
Q
Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver
A
common hepatic artery
17
Q
Supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery
A
right hepatic artery
18
Q
Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney
A
left renal artery
19
Q
Supplies the stomach
A
right gastric artery
20
Q
Drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein
A
splenic vein
21
Q
Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphagm
A
hepatic veins
22
Q
Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver
A
portal vein
23
Q
Leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava
A
right renal vein
24
Q
Collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart
A
veins
25
Drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein
inferior mesenteric vein
26
Leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava
left renal vein
27
Drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins
superior mesenteric vein
28
Largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart
inferior vena cava
29
Weakening of the arterial wall
cystic medial necrosis
30
Permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase of 1.5 times its normal diameter
aneurysm
31
Thrombosis of the hepatic veins
Budd-Chiari syndrome
32
Disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls
arteriosclerosis
33
Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends
Fusiform aneurysm
34
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TIPS
35
Localized dilatation of the vessel
saccular aneurysm
36
Condition in which the aortic wall become irregular from plaque formation
atherosclerosis
37
Periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction
cavernous transformation of the portal vein
38
Tear in the intima or media of the abdominal aorta
dissecting aneurysm
39
Communication between an artery and a vein
arteriovenous fistula
40
Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, also results from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure; may cause flow reversal to the liver, thrombosis of the portal system, or cavernous transformation of the portal vein
portal venous hypertension
41
Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissue abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal
pseudoaneurysm
42
Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures
Marfan syndrome
43
Permanent dilation of an artery that forms when tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases
true aneurysm
44
Vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply (i.e., external carotid artery and brachial arteries)
resistive
45
Flow toward the liver
hepatopetal
46
Vessels that have high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion (i.e., internal carotid artery, hepatic artery, and renal artery)
nonresistive
47
peak systole minus peak diastole divided by peak systole
resistive index
48
Increased turbulence is seen within the spectral tracing that indicates flow disturbance
spectral broadening
49
Flow away from the liver
hepatofugal
50
Sonographer selects the exact site to record Doppler signals and sets the sample volume (gate) at this site
Doppler sample volume
51
Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels
vasa vasorum
52
The _______________ passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where it joins the splenic vein to form the main portal vein.
superior mesenteric vein (SMV)
53
The _______________ supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery and the liver.
right hepatic artery (RHA)
54
The aorta continues to flow in the _______________ cavity anterior and slightly _______________ of the vertebral column.
retroperitoneal, left
55
The _______________ trunk is the first anterior branch of the aorta, arising 1 to 2 cm inferior to the diaphragm.
celiac
56
The _______________ flows from the kidney posterior to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and anterior to the aorta to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava.
left renal vein
57
The diameter of the abdominal aorta measures approximately _______________ cm, tapering to _______________ cm after it proceeds inferiorly to the bifurcation into the iliac arteries.
2-3, 10-15
58
The _______________ is the second anterior branch, arising approximately 2 cm from the celiac trunk.
superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
59
Portal veins become _______________ as they progress into the liver from the porta hepatis.
smaller
60
The _______________ courses from the aorta posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and anterior to the vertebral column in a posterior and slightly caudal direction to enter the hilum of the kidney.
right renal artery
61
The _______________ courses along the upper border of the head of the pancreas, behind the posterior layer of the peritoneal bursa, to the upper margin of the superior part of the duodenum, which forms the lower boundary of the epiploic foramen.
gastroduodenal artery
62
Three arterial branches arise from the superior border of the aortic arch to supply the head, neck, and upper extremities: the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
63
The _______________ is formed posterior to the pancreas by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic veins at the level of L2.
portal vein
64
The _______________ artery takes a somewhat tortuous course horizontally to the left as it forms the superior border of the pancreas.
splenic
65
The portion of the femoral artery posterior to the knee is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
popliteal artery
66
The _______________ originate in the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the diaphragm.
hepatic veins
67
List the five sections into which the aorta is divided.
1. root of the aorta 2. ascending aorta 3. descending aorta 4. abdominal aorta 5. bifurcation of the aorta into iliac arteries
68
List the 4 branches of the aorta that supply other visceral organs and the mesentery.
celiac trunk, SMA, IMA, and the renal arteries
69
A flow disturbance (increased velocity or obstruction of flow) may result from the formation of an atheroma, AV fistula, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or aneurysmal dilation.
pseudoaneurysm
70
Nonresistive vessels have high _______________ component and supply organs that need constant perfusion, such as the internal carotid artery, the hepatic artery, and the renal artery.
diastolic
71
Resistive vessels have very little or even reversed flow in diastolic and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply, such as the _______________ carotid and the iliac and brachial arteries.
external
72
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a pattern of blood flow, typically seen in large arteries, in which most cells are moving at the same velocity across the entire diameter of the vessel. In other vessels the different velocities are the result of friction between the cells and arterial walls.
plug flow
73
Doppler only records accurate velocity patterns when the beam is _______________ to the flow.
parallel
74
The flow pattern of the proximal abdominal aorta above the renal arteries shows a high _______________ peak and a relatively low _______________ component.
systolic, diastole
75
The main renal artery has a(n) _______________ impedance (nonresistive) patter with significant diastole flow - usually 30% to 50% of peak systole
low
76
During rejection, the vascular impedence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, resulting in a decrease or even reversal of the diastolic flow.
increases
77
The portal vein shows a relatively _______________ flow at low velocities, which may vary slightly with respirations.
continuous
78
Cavernous transformation of the portal vein demonstrates _______________ collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction.
periportal
79
With a recanalized _______________ vein, the main portal vein and the left portal vein show normal flow, but the flow in the right portal vein is reserved.
Umbilical
80
The most common causes of aneurysms are _______________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis
81
The large aneurysm may rupture into the peritoneal cavity or retroperitoneum, causing _______________ and a drop in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
intense back pain, hematocrit
82
The normal measurement for an adult abdominal aorta is less than 3 cm, measuring from _______________ to _______________ walls.
outer, outer
83
Thrombus usually occurs along the _______________ or _______________ wall.
anterior, anterolateral
84
A(n) _______________ is a pulsatile hematoma that results from the leakage of blood into the soft tissue abutting the punctured artery, with subsequent fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall defect to heal.
pseudoaneurysm
85
In patients with right ventricular failure, the inferior vena cava does not collapse with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
expiration
86
The most common origin of pulmonary emboli is venous thrombosis from the _______________ extremities.
lower
87
The root of the aorta arises from the _______________ outflow tract in the heart.
left ventricular
88
which renal vessel is shown?
Left renal vein
89
90
91
92
how can the sonographer deternine that the inferior vena cava is dilated?
IVC measures \> 2.5 cm & does not show \> 50% collapse w/ expiration if it is enlarged
93
pt. presents w/ pulsatile abd. mass. what does this longitudinal image of abd demonstrate?
large abdominal aortic aneurysm w/ thrombus along the anterior and posterior borders
the lumen is anechoic w/ thrombus along lateral and posterior borders
94
clinical findings in pt w/ disecting aneurysm?
40-60 years old, hypertensive, usually male, usually known to have aneurysm w/ sudden excruiating chest pain radiating to back. CT usually ordered for speed
stable pt may have slow leak
disecting aneurysm usually small -US is used
95
3 locations where dissection of aorta may occur
95
