Vasculitis

Question 1

vasculitis

Answer 1

inflammation of blood vessels often with ischaemia, necrosis & organ inflammation

Question 2

primary vasculitis

Answer 2

results from an inflammatory response that targets the vessel walls and has no known cause. Sometimes this is autoimmune

Question 3

secondary vasculitis

Answer 3

may be triggered by an infection, a drug, or a toxin or may occur as part of another inflammatory disorder or cancer

Question 4

what are the 2 main causes of large vessel vasculitis?

Answer 4

takayasu arteritis (TA)
giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Question 5

who does TA predominantly affect?

Answer 5

under 40 years
females
Asians

Question 6

who does GCA usually affect?

Answer 6

over 50 years

Question 7

what does GCA usually cause?

Answer 7

temporal arteritis

Question 8

what is large vessel vasculitis characterised by?

Answer 8

granulomatous infiltration of the walls of the large vessels

Question 9

what are the common clinical findings of large vessel vasculitis?

Answer 9

bruit (of the carotid artery)
BP difference of extremitis 
claudication 
carotodynia/vessel tenderness
hypertension

Question 10

carotodynia

Answer 10

tenderness of the carotid artery

Question 11

what are the classic symptoms of temporal areteritis?

Answer 11

unilateral temporal headache
scalp tenderness
jaw claudication

Question 12

what is there a risk of in temporal arteritis & why?

Answer 12

blindness due to ischaemia of the optic nerve

Question 13

what medium vessel vasculitis is seen in children usually

Answer 13

kawasaki disease

Question 14

what are the most important vessels that kawasaki disease can affect?

Answer 14

coronary arteries

Question 15

what is polyarteritis nodosa characterised by?

Answer 15

necrotizing inflammatory lesions that affect arteries at vessel bifurcations

Question 16

what does polyarteritis nodosa result in?

Answer 16

microaneurysm formation and aneurysms

Question 17

what is polyarteritis nodosa associated with?

Answer 17

Hep. B

Question 18

what organs can polyarteritis nodosa affect?

Answer 18

skin
gut
kidneys

Question 19

Wegner’s granulomatosis

Answer 19

granulomatosis with polyangitis (GPA)

Question 20

what is the pathology of GPA?

Answer 20

Granulomatous inflammation of respiratory tract, small and medium vessels. Necrotising

Question 21

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Answer 21

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA)

Question 22

what is the pathology of EGPA?

Answer 22

Eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation of respiratory tract, small and medium vessels. Associated with asthma

Question 23

what is the pathology of MPA?

Answer 23

Necrotising vasculitis with few immune deposits. Necrotising glomerulonephritis very common

Question 24

MPA

Answer 24

microscopic polyangitis

Question 25

what are the 3 types of ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis?

Answer 25

GPA
EGPA
MPA

Question 26

what are the 2 main types of non-ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis?

Answer 26

Henoch Schnlein purpura

cryoglobulinaemia

Question 27

which sex is GPA more common in?

Answer 27

men

Question 28

what age does GPA typically present at?

Answer 28

33-55 years

Question 29

what other systems can GPA affect?

Answer 29

ENT
Resp
Cutaneous 
Renal
CNS
Ocular

Question 30

what is the main clinical difference between EGPA & GPA?

Answer 30

present of late onset asthma & high eosiniophil count in EGPA

Question 31

ANCA

Answer 31

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Question 32

anti-neutrophil cytpolasmic antibodies?

Answer 32

a group of autoantibodies against antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophil granulocytes (the most common type of white blood cell)

Question 33

what is used to detect ANCA & can differentiate ANCA patterns?

Answer 33

immunofluorescence

Question 34

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)

Answer 34

an acute immunoglobulin A (IgA)–mediated disorder