Vasodilators PPT part 1 through clonidine Flashcards
(124 cards)
Systemic HTN is defined as
Stage 1: 150-159/90-99 mmHg
or > = to
Stage 2: 160/100 mmHg
The most common type of HTN is
“essential” or “primary”
-for which there is no clear unifying pathophysiology despite DECADES of research.
HTN is a major risk factor for: (5)
- atherosclerosis
- cardiovascular disease
- HF
- Renal disease
- Stroke
“Secondary” htn is much less common and can be d/t (5)
a variety of causes:
- Aortic coarctation
- Endocrine Disease
- Medications
- OSA
- Renal Disease
Name associated disorders of RENAL Disease in Systemic HTN (tbl 20.1) (2)
- Renal parenchymal disease
- Renal artery stenosis
Name associated disorders of ENDOCRINE Disease in Systemic HTN (tbl 20.1)
- Cushings’s disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyper-and hypothyroidism
- Pheochromocytoma
- Primary aldosteronism
Name specific MEDICATIONS associated with Systemic HTN (tbl 20.1) (4)
- Alcohol
- Antidepressants
- Chronic NSAID use
- Oral Contraceptives
Calcium Ch Blockade offers direct:
vasodilator effects
Calcium Ch Blockade offers direct vasodilator effects without the requirement of:
salt restriction
Are calcium ch blockers associated with side effects?
relatively few
ACE inhibitors or ARB target the:
renin-angiotensin system
*a major contributor to BP control
This system is a major contributor to BP control
renin-angiotensin system
Decreased renal perfusion and increased sympathetic nervous system activity cause the release of
Renin
Renin acts on:
“renin substrate” or angiotensin I
Renin acts on “renin substrate”/angiotensin I at variousu sites in the body to release
angiotensin II
Angiotensin II is a potent
Vasoconstrictor
Promotes Na and water retention
What type of medication inhibits Angiotensin II production?
ACE Inhibitor
Inhibition of angiotensin II production or blockade of receptor causes what:
a reliable and potent antihypertensive effect
What class of medication blocks the angiotensin II receptor?
ARB
In most types of cardiac patients, what drugs have a well known survival benefit?
ACE inhibitors
Another agent that may be associated with inferior stroke protection in pts >60yrs are:
Beta adrenergic blockers
Beta blockers may be associated with stroke protection however, they have a greater potential for
systemic side effects
Metoprolol
(moa/dose/onset/duration) Table 20.2
Beta 1 blocker
1-5mg
1-5min
1-4h
Labetalol
(moa/dose/onset/duration) Table 20.2
Alpha 1, Beta 1 and 2 blocker
5-20mg or 0.5-2mg/min
1-5min
1-4h