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CFD - Kev > Vehicle Extrication > Flashcards

Vehicle Extrication Flashcards

1
Q

3 separate collision events occur in rapid succession

A
  1. Machine collision (primary vehicle collision)
  2. Body collision (occupants body either hits interior vehicle or their seatbelt)
  3. Organ collision (movement of internal organs)
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2
Q

Secondary collision

A

When any unrestrained objects or people/animals move uncontrollably following a collision and collide with other occupants or objects within the vehicle.

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3
Q

5 common forms of MVCs

A

Head on (frontal impact)
T-bone (lateral/side impact)
Rear impact
Rotational
Rollover

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4
Q

3 collision events associated with head on collisions

A
  1. Deformed front end of vehicle
  2. Spider web pattern of windshield, deformed steering wheel, dashboard deformity
  3. Facial soft tissue injuries, coup/contra coup of brain, whiplash of c-spine, thoracic trauma
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5
Q

3 collision events in t-bone collisions

A
  1. Collision side of vehicle deformity
  2. Intrusion/deformity of passenger compartment
  3. Collision side extremities, hips, thoracic, lateral neck, head
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6
Q

3 collisions in rear impact

A
  1. Back end deformity
  2. Deformity to headrest/seats
  3. Injuries to neck and face
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7
Q

Occupants ejected are how many more times likely to die or have severe injuries

A

3

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8
Q

The golden hour

A

Time of incident until patient is delivered to ER

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9
Q

The platinum ten

A

10-15 minute extrication. Should be enroute to hospital.

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10
Q

Plastic parts of vehicles have a rapid, violent burning potential. Creates mixture of hydrogen sulphide which is absorbed through skin and not lungs.

A

SCBA for all vehicle fires!

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11
Q

Vehicle anatomy

A
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12
Q

3 common frame types

A

Uni-Body
Full frame
Space frame

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13
Q

Uni-Body construction

A
  • identifiable by the absence of any frame members on the dirty side
  • strength derived from reinforced rocker panels, frame members integral with the car body and the car body itself
  • cutting pillars or rocker panels can destabilize the entire car
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14
Q

Full frame construction

A
  • found in most trucks and older full sized cars
  • frame rails identified on dirty side
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15
Q

Space frame construction

A
  • found in many late model vehicles
  • hard, rigid passenger compartment with crush zones extending to front and rear
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16
Q

Pillars

A

A, B, C, and so on. From front to rear

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17
Q

Important to check under steering wheel airbag for signs of body collision

A

True

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18
Q

Seatbelt pretensioner

A

Airbags are considered a supplementary restraint system as the seatbelt is the primary system.
- Most model passenger vehicles use pyrotechnic pretensioners. A sensor sends a milli-volt charge to the electronic receiver in the pretensioner, which triggers a pyrotechnic charge. The charge ignites a gas that propels a piston, which quickly recoils the seatbelt to position the occupant for airbag deployment.

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19
Q

Seat belts should be cut as soon as possible. Providing it is safe to do so, and the seat belt is no longer needed to keep a patient in place

A

True

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20
Q

The pretensioner device is often located in the base of the B-pillar, but can also be found higher in the B- or C-pillar and in the console area. These pyrotechnic systems are extremely hazardous if they are cut or damaged; avoid these systems by checking for their presence prior to performing extrication techniques.

A

True

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21
Q

There are 3 criteria that must be met for a modern airbag to deploy

A
  • Vehicle was in motion, traveling at a speed
  • Crash or collision occurs
  • Rapid deceleration of the vehicle
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22
Q

Following deployment, sometimes “smoke” is seen emanating from the airbag. This is a powder, such as talcum, used to lubricate the airbag fabric for smooth deployment.

A

Nitrogen gas inside

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23
Q

Some are 2 stage systems which can inflate the airbags to different degrees depending on the collision, being a partial 50% or a full 100% inflation.

A

True

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24
Q

Disconnecting or severing the 12V battery system is a good practice to address this risk; however, back-up capacitors, which are built into the system, can still hold a charge. The capacitors can hold a charge ranging from a few seconds to 30 min, which may contribute to post-collision deployment.

A

True

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25
Q

10-10-20 Rule of Thumb

A

Recommends maintaining a minimum distance of 10” (25cm) from a side impact, 10” (25cm) from driver’s side and 20” (50cm) from the passenger side airbags.

26
Q

ROPS

A

Rollover Protection System

27
Q

Three Phases of Stabilization

A
  1. Scene stabilization
  2. Vehicle stabilization
  3. Patient stabilization
28
Q

Outer Circle Survey

A

5-10m circle
- Rescuers should carry a 20lbs fire extinguisher while conducting the survey.
- approach from FRONT, check for victims, hazards, quickly ask bystanders for relevant info

29
Q

Inner Circle Survey

A

3-5m circle
- A best practice is to wait for the outer circle to be approximately 1/2 - 2/3 complete prior to starting the inner survey
- approach from FRONT
- maintain verbal contact with pt
- Approach burning vehicles from corners with a SCBA and a charged line. Be aware of explosion hazards in burning vehicles such as airbags, magnesium components, and gas struts.
- Walk immediately next to the vehicle(s), looking for trapped patients, hazards underneath the car, or hazards on the ground next to the vehicle.
- CHOCK wheels

30
Q

It should take about 30 seconds from the time the team leaves the apparatus to the time the vehicle situation is evaluated and reported to the officer.

A

True

31
Q

Stabilizing the Vehicle

A
  1. By stabilizing the vehicle(s) we protect personnel by making the working environment safer to perform extrication duties.
  2. To minimize aggravation of potential spinal injuries the victims may have obtained from the crash.
32
Q

Vehicle stabilization may be as simple as placing the car in park, turning it off, and removing the keys. This should be done even if the patients are out of the car when rescuers arrive.

A

True

33
Q

Stabilization should be checked every how many minutes or whenever metal is displaced.

A

3-5

34
Q

Removing the air out of the tires is not to lower the vehicle to the cribbing, but more to de- activate the suspension.

A

The suspension is no longer active if the vehicle weight is on the cribbing, which can be accomplished by deflating the tires.

35
Q

Once you are confident that the vehicle is adequately stabilized, there should be no movement front-to-back, side-to-side, or up-and-down. Now you are ready to disconnect the battery and help with other incident duties. The average time frame to stabilize a vehicle on its wheels should fall within two-minutes.

A

The most common method of stabilizing a vehicle is to use step chocks and wedges.

36
Q

It is beneficial to access the patient and adjust electrically powered components such as windows and seats prior to disconnecting the battery.

A

When disconnecting a battery is warranted, always disconnect the negative (black) terminal first. Folding back the negative end and taping with electrical tape is a good practice to ensure that end does not inadvertently make contact and re- establish the electrical circuit.

37
Q

Strip before you rip (If you are removing or displacing any component of a vehicle; use a screwdriver to remove the upholstery or plastic so that you can make certain you are not cutting into a system).

A

Never intentionally cut a bright RED, ORANGE, or YELLOW wire or wire loom.

38
Q

Stabilization Tools

A

Basic common stabilization tools used by the CFD consist of cribbing (2x4, 4x4 and 4x6 wood-blocking), step chocks, wedges (4x4 and 4x6). Specialized composite telescopic struts (Rescue 42’s)

39
Q

Wood-blocking (or cribbing)

A

These procedures fill the gaps between the vehicle and the ground.

40
Q

Softwoods, such as pine or spruce lumber, are the most popular choice for cribbing, as they are lightweight, durable, inexpensive and readily available

A

In addition, metal edges on vehicles, like those built into the bottom of a vehicle’s rocker channel, bite into the top of the cribbing and remain in place more effectively on softwood than on hardwood.

41
Q

Another advantage of using softwood for blocking is that it offers a warning sign for overload.

A

When the wood has been loaded beyond its capacity, signs of failure are evident with loud cracking noises and visible cracks in the wood.

42
Q

Cribbing lengths range from 16 to 24 inch; 18 inch is the most common length for vehicle- rescue work because it fits in most rescue-truck compartments.

A

Cribbing should be checked regularly for cracks, chemical deterioration and other physical damage. Any damaged pieces should be discarded and replaced.

43
Q

Cribbing Amount

A

While you can never have too much cribbing, ideally, an assortment of 50 pieces or more of consistently sized 2 x 4, 4 x 4 and 4 x 6 blocks and wedges should be carried in your rescue vehicle

44
Q

If you find the height difference to be too great to use step chocks for a vehicle, build a stacking box crib by using multi-oriented 4 x 4s that are perpendicular to each other, until the proper height is achieved. Two blocks that are stacked perpendicular are called a crosstie.

A

A good practice is to always have an overlap of your crib blocks when you create a crosstie. This helps maintain strength and crib box integrity when subjected to a large load. The proper amount of overlap should match the thickness of the size of lumber you are using. E.g., 4x4 material= 3.5” of overlap

45
Q

We can safely use a rule of thumb for this of 6000 lbs.

A

Per point of contact
-1 ton 2000 lbs

46
Q

In a vehicle extrication setting we are dealing with loads that are a lot more dynamic and for safety reasons go with a ratio of 2:1 height to width ratio.

A

If you have 18” long 4x4 crib blocks you can go 6 blocks high plus a wedge

47
Q

The Rescue 42s are composite telescopic stabilization tools

A

They can support up to an 18,000 lbs working load and be used in conjunction with the strut lifting jack as an 8,000 lbs ram.

48
Q

The CFD currently uses Hurst rescue tools, they are completely waterproof and are suitable for underwater use to a depth of 9.8 feet (3m).

A

True

49
Q

Spreaders

A

Maximum operation pressure 10,500 psi
* Weight 51.6 lbs (23.4 kg)
* Maximum spreader opening 32 in (81.3 cm)

50
Q

Cutters

A
  • 49.6 lbs (22.5 kg)
  • Opening 8.07 in (20.5 cm)
51
Q

E3 Connect Ram

A
  • 44.8 lbs (20.3 kg)
  • 24.7 in (62.7 cm) retracted
  • 59.2 in (150.3 cm) fully extended
52
Q

Combination Tool (engines)

A
  • 40.6 lbs (18.4 kg)
  • Maximum spreader opening 14.5 in (36.8 cm)
  • Maximum Cutter Opening 12.2 in (30.9 cm)
53
Q

Pneumatic Tools

A

The CFD utilizes our SCBA cylinders to provide the pressurized air required to use these tools.
- The air chisel is a versatile tool with a high degree of manoeuvrability

54
Q

The Ajax pneumatic air chisel is made up of four components:

A
  1. Air supply (SCBA cylinder)
  2. Air regulator (manifold)
  3. Hose (air hose, different connections than hydraulic hose)
  4. Chisel
55
Q

The primary electrically powered extrication tool used by the CFD is the reciprocating saw

A

On Engine apparatus’s, these saws are battery powered while the plug-in version is found on Rescue apparatuses.

56
Q

Remember..

A

Try before you pry

57
Q

A good rule of thumb for patient access in vehicle collisions is to use the largest opening that is farthest from the patient

A

True

58
Q

There is a high probability that the trapped patient will have suffered spinal trauma and severe internal injuries.

A

Wherever possible, the window closest to the patient should be opened (by whatever means necessary) to allow a rescuer from the outside to provide in-line stabilization

59
Q

The sensors inside bag systems must detect an impact within 4 to 5 milliseconds in a front crash. They also must inflate within 20 milliseconds after initial impact compared to within 60 to 75 milliseconds for frontal airbags.

A

Side airbags typically are smaller than frontal bags. They will contain a volume of 6 to 20 litres versus 40 to 70 litres for a driver airbag and an average of 150 litres for a passenger bag.

60
Q

Rescue 42

A

They can support up to an 18,000 lbs working load

CFD - Kev (29 decks)

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