Venous Anatomy

Question 1

venous systems begins at the ___ level

Answer 1

capillary

Question 2

the media layer in a vein is ___ compared to artery

Answer 2

very thin

Question 3

the thickest layer in a vein is the ___ and the major component is ___

Answer 3

thickest layer - adventitia
major component - collagen

Question 4

___ veins return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart

Answer 4

peripheral veins

Question 5

veins carry away waste products of ___

Answer 5

cellular activity

Question 6

veins are not ___ structures, have ____ (veno-motor tone)

Answer 6

not passive structures
have reactivity

Question 7

contraction of smooth muscle cells can occur in response to ___

Answer 7

sympathetic nervous system (temp, stress, exercise)

Question 8

___ are extensions of the intimal layer of veins

Answer 8

venous valves

Question 9

bicuspid valves are thin, ___ cusps

Answer 9

leaflet like

Question 10

what is a valve sinus?

Answer 10

slight dilatation of vessel diameter where valves are

Question 11

valves in the ___ extremities are susceptible to disease

Answer 11

lower extremities

Question 12

what is the function of venous valves?

Answer 12

open and close to allow unidirectional blood flow

Question 13

5 veins without valves

Answer 13

1. SVC
2. IVC
3. innominate vein
4. soleal veins/sinuses
5. intracranial sinuses

Question 14

valves proximal to the ___ ligament vary

Answer 14

inguinal

Question 15

external iliac vein has valves ~___% of the time

Answer 15

~25%

Question 16

infrainguinal deep veins have variable # of valves

the # of valves increases ___

Answer 16

distally, especially infrapopliteal

Question 17

GSV has about ___ valves

Answer 17

10-20

Question 18

SSV has ___ valves

Answer 18

6-12

Question 19

7 veins with valves

Answer 19

1. external iliac vein
2. infrainguinal deep veins (variable)
3. GSV
4. SSV
5. perforating veins
6. IJV
7. upper extremities (variable)

Question 20

veins are divided into what 3 systems

Answer 20

superficial
perforating
deep

Question 21

the superficial system of veins drain the ___

Answer 21

skin and subcutaneous tissues

Question 22

superficial system of veins empty into the ___ or ____

Answer 22

superficial truncal veins or directly into the deep system

Question 23

superficial truncal veins lie in the ___ compartment

Answer 23

saphenous

Question 24

perforating veins perforate the ___ and connect the ___

Answer 24

perforate the fascia
connect the deep and superficial system

Question 25

group perforators by ___

Answer 25

topography

Question 26

4 groups of perforators

Answer 26

1. perforator of the femoral canal - Dodd perforators 2. paratibial perforators - Boyd, Sherman 3. posterior tibial perforators - Cockett 4. medial ankle perforators

Question 27

deep systems of veins carries ___% of the blood out of the limb

Answer 27

85-90%

Question 28

deep system of the veins lies in the ___ compartment

Answer 28

deep muscular compartment

Question 29

deep system of the veins drains the ___ and ___ via the perforating veins

Answer 29

muscular compartments and superficial system

Question 30

the superficial venous system is composed of ___

Answer 30

GSV and SSV

Question 31

GSV 1. has its own ___ 2. ascends medially from the ___ to ___ forming the ___

Answer 31

1. has its own fascial compartment 2. ascends medially from the foot to CFV forming the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ)

Question 32

SSV 1. has its own ___ 2. origin - 3. termination often at the ___

Answer 32

1. has its own fascial compartment 2. origin - dorsal venous arch 3. termination often at the popliteal but highly variable

Question 33

accessory saphenous systems (2)

Answer 33

anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV) posterior accessory great saphenous vein (PAGSV)

Question 34

AAGSV 1. has a ___ 2. origin - 3. termination - 4. "alignment sign" - aligns with the ___

Answer 34

1. has a fascial compartment 2. origin - anterior thigh 3. termination - GSV but variable 4. aligns with the SFA

Question 35

superficial epigastric vein (SEV) drains the skin of the ___

Answer 35

lower abdomen

Question 36

PAGSV 1. not always ___ 2. has a ___ 3. origin - 4. termination - 5. enlarges with ___ 6. often the leg source of ___

Answer 36

1. not always present 2. has a fascial compartment 3. origin - posterior thigh 4. termination - GSV but variable 5. enlarges with pelvic congestion 6. often the leg source of posterior thigh varicosities

Question 37

SEV termination is often the (3)

Answer 37

common femoral great saphenous accessory saphenous

Question 38

SEV may serve as a collateral with ___ obstruction

Answer 38

IVC/iliac obstruction

Question 39

SEV is an important landmark for ___ procedures

Answer 39

venous intervention procedures

Question 40

___ vein is one of the only veins to retain its eponym

Answer 40

giacomini vein

Question 41

giacomini vein is a cranial extension of the ___ that joins the ___ in the thigh of joins the ____

Answer 41

cranial extension of the SSV that joins the GSV in the thigh or joins the PAGSV

Question 42

persistence in the giacomini vein may play a contributory role in the development of ___

Answer 42

chronic venous disease

Question 43

13 deep veins

Answer 43

1. peroneal veins 2. PTV 3. ATV 4. gastrocnemius veins 5. soleal veins 6. Pop vein 7. femoral vein 8. DFV 9. CFV 10. EIV 11. IIV 12. CIV 13. IVC

Question 44

peroneal veins are formed by the confluence of ___

Answer 44

venules

Question 45

peroneal veins drain blood from the ___ compartment of the leg

Answer 45

posterior lateral compartment

Question 46

peroneal veins often unite as a single vein prior to joining the ___

Answer 46

PTV

Question 47

PTV 1. formed from the ___ veins 2. ascends from the ___ ankle along the ___ calf 3. drains the ___ compartment

Answer 47

1. formed from the plantar metatarsal veins 2. ascends from the medial ankle along the medial calf 3. drains the posterior medial compartment

Question 48

ATV 1. formed from the continuation of the ___ 2. ascends through the ___ compartment of the leg from the ankle to the knee 3. joins the ___ and/or trunk, then joins the ___

Answer 48

1. formed from the continuation of the dorsalis pedis veins 2. ascends through the anterior compartment of the leg from the ankle to the knee 3. joins the PTV and/or trunk, then joins the Pop V

Question 49

gastrocnemius veins are a ___ within the gastrocnemius muscle of the calf that join the Pop V

Answer 49

paired vein set (medial and lateral)

Question 50

soleal veins 1. drain into the ___ 2. dilate with ___ 3. no paired ___

Answer 50

1. drain into the calf veins 2. dilate with thrombus 3. no paired artery

Question 51

Pop V 1. formed by the union of the ___ and ___ 2. ascends through the ____ 3. may be ___

Answer 51

1. formed by the union of the ATV and tibial-peroneal trunk 2. ascends through the popliteal fossa 3. may be duplicated

Question 52

FV 1. continuation of the ___ 2. passes through the ___ 3. ascends throughout the ___ into the ___ 4. terminates in ___ 5. may be ___

Answer 52

1. continuation of the popliteal vein 2. passes through the adductor hiatus 3. ascends throughout the thigh into the groin 4. terminates in Scarpa's Triangle 5. may be duplicated

Question 53

DFV ascends ___ and ___ to the femoral vein

Answer 53

deep and lateral

Question 54

CFV is ___ the bifurcation of the CFA

Answer 54

below

Question 55

CFV becomes the EIV as it passes beneath the ___

Answer 55

inguinal ligament

Question 56

the common iliac veins join near the ___

Answer 56

navel

Question 57

IVC is formed by the confluence of the ___ commonly at the level of the ___ lumbar vertebrae

Answer 57

confluence of the CIVs 5th lumbar vertebrae

Question 58

portal vein 1. formed by the confluence of the ___ and ___ 2. drains the (4) 3. carries ___% of blood flow into liver (hepato____)

Answer 58

1. formed by the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein 2. drains the abdominal digestive tract, pancreas, spleen, and gallbladder 3. carries 80% of blood flow into liver (hepatopedal)

Question 59

hepatic veins 1. drains the liver, empties into the ___ 2. carries blood away from the liver (hepato___)

Answer 59

1. empties into IVC 2. hepatofugal

Question 60

superficial veins of the upper extremities (2)

Answer 60

basilic and cephalic veins

Question 61

basilic vein 1. formed by the ___ veins of the fingers and hand 2. empties the ___ aspect of the arm 3. joins the ___ vein to form the ___ vein 4. can be harvested for ___

Answer 61

1. formed by the digital veins of the fingers and hand 2. empties the medial aspect of the arm 3. joins the brachial vein to form the axillary vein 4. can be harvested for bypass conduit

Question 62

cephalic vein 1. formed by the ___ veins of the fingers and hand 2. empties the ___ aspect of the arm 3. joins the ___ vein to form the ___ vein 4. can be harvested for ___

Answer 62

1. formed by the digital veins of the fingers and hand 2. empties the lateral aspect of the arm 3. joins the brachial vein to form the subclavian vein 4. can be harvested for bypass conduit

Question 63

8 deep veins of the upper extremities

Answer 63

1. radial 2. ulnar 3. brachial 4. axillary 5. subclavian 6. innominate 7. IJV 8. intracranial venous sinus

Question 64

brachial veins are often ___

Answer 64

duplicated

Question 65

brachial vein + basilic vein =

Answer 65

axillary vein

Question 66

axillary vein + cephalic vein =

Answer 66

subclavian vein

Question 67

subclavian vein + IJV =

Answer 67

innominate/brachiocephalic vein

Question 68

intracranial venous sinus drains blood into the

Answer 68

IJV

Question 69

central veins include (2)

Answer 69

SVC and IVC

Question 70

SVC 1. formed by the confluence of the ___ veins 2. drains the (3) 3. terminates in the ___

Answer 70

1. formed by the confluence of the innominate veins 2. drains the head, neck, and upper extremities 3. terminates in the right atrium

Question 71

IJV collects blood from (3)

Answer 71

brain, face, and neck

Question 72

ICV 1. formed by the confluence of the ___ 2. drains the ___ 3. terminates in the ___

Answer 72

1. formed by the confluence of the CIVs 2. drains the lower half of the body 3. terminates in the right atrium