Venous Circulatory system

Question 1

Heart

Answer 1

Four chambered
Right half circulates blood from body to lungs
Left half circulates blood from lungs around body

Question 2

How is blood forced through the body

Answer 2

By a pressure system

Question 3

Right side circulation

Answer 3

Little peripheral resistance, so lower pressures needed

Right ventricles are thinner as a result

Question 4

Left side circulation

Answer 4

Pumps same volume as right but against greater resistance

Left ventricular walls are more muscular

Question 5

Resistance vessels

Answer 5

Consist of the muscular arterioles and precapillary sphincters
Provide the principle resistance to blood flow and regulates the pressure in the arterial tree

Question 6

Arteries and arterioles

Answer 6

High pressure system

Low volume

Question 7

Venous system

Answer 7

Carries most of the blood in the body

Low pressure and high volume system

Question 8

Do you see lymphatic vessels on ultrasound

Answer 8

No but you do see lymph nodes

Question 9

Single called capillary walls exchange

Answer 9

Oxygen 
CO2
Nutrients 
Water
Inorganic ions
Vitamins
Hormones
Metabolic products
Immune substance between blood and tissue fluids

Question 10

Lymph capillaries coexist with

Answer 10

Blood blood capillaries in capillary beds

Can exchange anything from liquids to cells

Question 11

What is the percentage of fluid that leaks from blood capillaries into tissues that does not return

Answer 11

10-20%

Question 12

What would happen if the fluid was left in the tissues

Answer 12

It would gradually flood causing edema

Question 13

Lymphatics

Answer 13

Located alongside veins

Absorb excess fluid

Question 14

Venules

Answer 14

Tributaries of veins
Collect blood from capillary beds
Smaller unit of veins

Question 15

Capacitance vessels

Answer 15

Provide a low pressure blood reservoir through which blood returns to the heart

Question 16

Vena combatants

Answer 16

Paired veins often accompany arteries

Question 17

Veins

Answer 17

Hold 2/3 blood volume
Low pressure blood reservoir, how blood returns to the heart
Blood is collected in cap bed in venules

Question 18

Valves

Answer 18

Prevent reverse flow
Pockets in the walls
Found where a tributary joins a larger vein and at intervals along main veins

Question 19

What cause valve leaflets to close and stops the flow

Answer 19

Reflux blood pouring into the pockets and fills them

Question 20

What helps valves

Answer 20

Small veins

Question 21

Average blood volume of an adult

Answer 21

5L

Question 22

most common blood cell, what does it transport

Answer 22

Erythrocyte

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 23

Second most common cell type

Answer 23

Leukocytes

Question 24

Platelets

Answer 24

Third type of blood cell
Aggregate in clumps
Involved with wound repair and blood clotting

Question 25

Leukocytes

Answer 25

Are the defence mechanisms

Question 26

All unoxygenated venous blood that returns enters the right atrium via

Answer 26

Superior vena cava | Inferior vena cava

Question 27

Venous flow is

Answer 27

From venules to the heart

Question 28

Oxygen blood is returned _of the _via the _

Answer 28

Left atrium Heart pulmonary veins

Question 29

Blood is collected in

Answer 29

Venules

Question 30

Confluences

Answer 30

The merging points of different veins coming together

Question 31

Vasa vasorum

Answer 31

Found in the tunica adventitia | A network of tiny vessels that supply the walls of large veins and arteries with nutrients and oxygen

Question 32

Bicuspid

Answer 32

2 layers

Question 33

Valves

Answer 33

``` Unique to venous system Usually bicuspid Arise from the intimal layer Allow for one way flow Present in upper and lower extremity Number of valves increase as distance from heart increases ```

Question 34

Svc

Answer 34

Formed by the junction of the right and left brachiocephalic veins

Question 35

Brachiocephalic vein

Answer 35

Formed by the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 36

Tributaries of the subclavian veins

Answer 36

Vertebral and external jugular veins

Question 37

External jugular veins

Answer 37

Drain the superficial areas of the scalp and face

Question 38

Vertebral veins

Answer 38

Drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, small neck muscles

Question 39

Internal jugular veins

Answer 39

Drain most of the blood from the brain and deep areas of the face and neck Largest veins of the head and neck

Question 40

Duran sinuses

Answer 40

Argue interconnected chambers that lie between the dura mater layers Not true veins but collect the blood from the brain to drain into the internal jugular veins Major sinuses: superior and inferior Sagittal sinuses, straight, transverse, canvernous, sigmoid and petrosal sinuses

Question 41

Inferior vena cava

Answer 41

Largest we in in the body Formed by the union of the common iliac vein @ L5 Passes posterior surface of the liver, passes through the diaphragm, enters the right atrium of heart

Question 42

Renal veins

Answer 42

Drain from the hilum of each kidney Lie anterior to the artery and empty into lateral walls of IVC Left renal vein travels posterior to the SMA and anterior to aorta Right renal vein is shorter and travels more inferiorly than the left

Question 43

Hepatic veins

Answer 43

Short veins that collect blood from the liver Empty in the IVC just below the diaphragm Right and left hepatic drain the right and the left lobes of the liver Middle hepatic drain the medial segment of the left lobe and the anterior segment of the right lobe

Question 44

Portal system

Answer 44

Delivers 3-quarters of the livers blood flow Separate system from the venous circulation Consists of: MPV, SMV, SV, IMV

Question 45

Main portal vein

Answer 45

Forms behind the neck or head of the pancreas by the confluence of the smv and the sv Length averages between 5.5-8.0 cm with a 1cm diameter Runs behind the first portion of duodenum to the porta hepatis, divides into right and left portal branches Receives the left and right gastric veins and the left branch of the paraumbilical vein

Question 46

Paraumbilical vein

Answer 46

Rement of the umbilical chord, located in the main portal vein