Ventilation and Compliance

Question 1

What is tidal volume?

Answer 1

The volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs at each breath

Question 2

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 2

The maximum volume of expired from the lungs at the end of normal inspiration

Question 3

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 3

The maximum volume of inspired from the lungs at the end of normal inspiration

Question 4

What is residual volume?

Answer 4

The volume of gas in the lungs at the end of max expiration

Question 5

What is vital capacity equal to?

Answer 5

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume

Question 6

What is total lung capacity equal to?

Answer 6

Vital capacity + Residual volume

Question 7

What is inspiratory capacity equal to?

Answer 7

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 8

What is the functional residual capacity equal to?

Answer 8

Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume

Question 9

What is FEV1?

Answer 9

The forced expired volume in 1 second

Question 10

What is FEV1:FVC?

Answer 10

The fraction of forced vital capacity expired in 1 second

Question 11

What are the 2 main types of ventilation?

Answer 11

Pulmonary ventilation

Alveolar ventilation

Question 12

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 12

The total air movement in or our of the lungs

Question 13

What is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 13

The amount of “fresh air” reaching alveoli for gas exchange

Question 14

Does an increased or decreased respiratory rate cause hypoventilation?

Answer 14

An increased RR

Question 15

Does an increased or decreased respiratory rate cause hyperventilation?

Answer 15

A decreased RR

Question 16

What is total pulmonary ventilation equal to?

Answer 16

Tidal volume x Respiratory rate

Question 17

What is partial pressure?

Answer 17

The pressure of a gas in a mixture if it occupied the same volume as the mixture but alone

Question 18

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hyperventilation?

Answer 18

PO2 increases

PCO2 decreases

Question 19

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hypoventilation?

Answer 19

PO2 decreases

PCO2 increases

Question 20

What effect does surfactant reducing the surface tension on the alveolar surface membrane have on the alveoli?

Answer 20

Reduces the tendency for the alveoli to callapse

Question 21

What effect does surfactant have on lung compliance and a lung’s tendency to recoil?

Answer 21

Increases compliance

Decreases tendency to recoil

Question 22

Is surfactant more effective on large or small alveoli and why?

Answer 22

Small alveoli as surfactant molecules are close together and therefore more concentrated

Question 23

When does surfactant production begin and complete?

Answer 23

Begins - 25 weeks into gestation

Completes - 36 weeks into gestation

Question 24

What condition is suffered by premature babies who haven’t completed surfactant production?

Answer 24

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

Question 25

What is compliance and what does it represent in the lungs?

Answer 25

Compliance is the change in volume relative to change in pressure and represents the strechability of the lungs

Question 26

What does it mean for a lung to have high compliance?

Answer 26

A large increase in lung volume for only a small decrease in pressure

Question 27

What does it mean for a lung to have low compliance?

Answer 27

A small increase in lung volume for a large decrease in pressure

Question 28

What is emphysema and is it an example of Low or High Compliance?

Answer 28

Loss of elastic tissue increasing the effort of expiration | High compliance

Question 29

What is fibrosis and is it an example of Low or High Compliance?

Answer 29

Fibrous tissue becoming inert increasing the effort of inspiration Low compliance

Question 30

Is the lung more compliant at the base or apex?

Answer 30

Base

Question 31

What are obstructive lung diseases?

Answer 31

Those which obstruct airflow (especially on expiration)

Question 32

What are restrictive lung diseases?

Answer 32

Those which restrict lung expansion

Question 33

What are 2 examples of obstructive lung diseases?

Answer 33

Asthma | COPD

Question 34

What are 2 examples of restrictive lung disorders?

Answer 34

Fibrosis | Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Question 35

What is spirometry used to measure?

Answer 35

Lung function

Question 36

What are the 2 classifications for lung function measurement by spirometry?

Answer 36

Static - only volume exhaled | Dynamic - time taken to exhale certain volume

Question 37

What should the FEV1/FVC% be normally?

Answer 37

80%

Question 38

Will the FEV increase or decrease in obstructive lung disease?

Answer 38

Decrease

Question 39

Will the FEV increase or decrease in restrictive lung disease?

Answer 39

Increase

Question 40

What change occurs to the rate of air in obstructive lung disease?

Answer 40

Rate is slower

Question 41

What change occurs to the volume of air in restrictive lung disease?

Answer 41

Total volume is reduced