Ventilation Definitions

Question 1

injury resulting from high airway pressure

Answer 1

barotrauma

Question 2

ratio of a change in volume to a change in pressure

Answer 2

compliance

Question 3

airway pressure maintained above ambient

Answer 3

CPAP

Question 4

valve in a ventilator with a bellows that when open allows driving gas to exit the bellows housing

Answer 4

exhaust valve

Question 5

time between the beginning and end of expiratory flow

Answer 5

expiratory flow time

Question 6

time from the end of expiratory flow to the start of inspiratory flow

Answer 6

expiratory pause time

Question 7

time between the start of expiratory flow and the start of inspiratory flow, it is the sum of the expiratory flow and expiratory pause times

Answer 7

expiratory phase time

Question 8

a means to prevent the fresh gas flow from affecting the tidal volume by measuring the actual tidal volume and using this information to change the volume of gas delivered by the ventilator

Answer 8

Tidal Volume compensation

Question 9

a means to prevent the fresh gas flow from affecting the tidal volume by isolating the fresh gas flow so that it doesn’t enter the breathing system during inspiration

Answer 9

fresh gas decoupling

Question 10

period between the beginning and end of inspiratory flow

Answer 10

inspiratory flow time

Question 11

the portion of the inspiratory phase time during which the lungs are held inflated at a fixed pressure or volume

Answer 11

inspiratory pause time (inspiratory phase has zero flow) AKA inspiratory plateau

Question 12

time between the start of inspiratory flow and the beginning of expiratory flow, the sum of the inspiratory flow and inspiratory pause times

Answer 12

inspiratory phase time

Question 13

ratio of the inspiratory phase time to the expiratory phase time

Answer 13

inspiratory: expiratory phase time ratio (I:E ratio)

Question 14

rate at which gas flows to the patient expressed as volume per unit of time

Answer 14

inspiratory flow rate

Question 15

ventilation in which the inspiratory phase time is longer than the expiratory phase time

Answer 15

inverse ratio ventilation

Question 16

sum of all tidal volumes within one minute

Answer 16

minute volume

Question 17

maximum pressure during the inspiratory phase time

Answer 17

peak pressure

Question 18

resting pressure during the inspiratory pause, airway pressure usually falls when there is an inspiratory pause

Answer 18

plateau pressure

Question 19

airway pressure above ambient at the end of exhalation

Answer 19

positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Question 20

ratio of the change in driving pressure to the change in flow rate

Answer 20

resistance

Question 21

what is resistance commonly measured in

Answer 21

centimeters of water per liter per second (cm H2O/L/second)

Question 22

deliberate increase in tidal volume for one or more breaths

Answer 22

sigh

Question 23

a component that controls pneumatic flow by means of an electronic signal

Answer 23

solenoid

Question 24

the valve in an anesthesia ventilator that allows excess gases in the breathing system to be sent to the scavenging system after the bellows or piston has become fully filled during exhalation

Answer 24

spill valve

Question 25

volume of gas entering or leaving the patient during the inspiratory or expiratory phase time

Answer 25

tidal volume

Question 26

number of respiratory cycles per minute

Answer 26

ventilatory (respiratory) rate or frequency

Question 27

injury due to over distention of the lungs

Answer 27

volutrauma

Question 28

energy expended by the patient and or ventilator to move gas in and out of the lungs

Answer 28

work of breathing

Question 29

the concentration of inspired gas

Answer 29

Fi02

Question 30

number of breaths per minute that a ventilator delivers

Answer 30

respiratory rate

Question 31

the average volume of gas entering or leaving the lungs per minute

Answer 31

minute ventilation

Question 32

the highest flow or speed set to deliver the tidal volume during inspiration

Answer 32

peak flow rate or peak inspiratory flow

Question 33

the speed of delivery for inspiration

Answer 33

I:E ratio, inspiratory and expiratory time

Question 34

total pressure needed to deliver the tidal volume

Answer 34

Peak airway pressure (PAW)

Question 35

peak airway pressure is dependent upon which factors

Answer 35

airway resistance, lung compliance, and chest wall factors

Question 36

the pressure needed to distend the lungs

Answer 36

plateau pressure (Pplat)

Question 37

effort or negative pressure required by the patient to trigger a machine breath

Answer 37

sensitivity or trigger sensitivity (-1 to -2 cm H2O)

Question 38

the intentional process of increasing transpulmonary pressures aimed at opening alveoli

Answer 38

recruitment maneuvers

Question 39

Defines both pressure and volume controlled ventilation

Answer 39

intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)

Question 40

occurs when a patient has already inhaled and has not had sufficient time to completely exhale or exhale greater than or equal to the subsequent mechanical breaths

Answer 40

breath stacking

Question 41

a sign or symptom of respiratory distress when the ventilator is not appropriately configured to meet the patients inspiratory and expiratory demands

Answer 41

bucking, dyssynchrony, or fighting the ventilator