test 3: Anesthesia machine part 1 Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
what is the systems name that defines the standards for equipment administering anesthetics to patients consisting of the anesthesia gas supply device, the anesthesia ventilator, monitoring device, and protection device.
A
American society for testing and materials.
2
Q
name the five components of the anesthesia workstation?
A
electrical components
pneumatic system
high pressure system
intermediate pressure system
low pressure system
3
Q
the master switch activates both the _____ and _____ functions.
A
pneumatic and electrical
4
Q
when the master switch is in the OFF position, the only electrical components that are active are?
A
the battery charger and the electrical outlets
5
Q
on some machines the electrical components can be activated without ______ power.
A
pneumatic
6
Q
the standby position is frequently used on computer controlled machines to allow the system to do what?
A
powered up quickly
7
Q
most electronic machines have a mean to ______ a checkout in case of an emergency
A
bypass
8
Q
describe a power failure indicator?
A
a visual and/or audible indicator to alert the anesthesia provider to the loss of main power.
9
Q
the battery status should be checked when?
A
during the preuse checkout procedure
10
Q
electricity is crucial for many machine functions so what is necessary in case of a power outage?
A
backup source of power
11
Q
the electrical outlets on the anesthesia machine are intended for what?
A
to power monitors and other devices
12
Q
can the power outlets on the back of the anesthesia machine supply power in case of a power outage?
A
no
13
Q
circuit breakers are present for both the anesthesia machine and the ______.
A
outlets
14
Q
what is used to communicate between the machine, monitors, and the data management system?
A
data communication ports
15
Q
the pneumatic system is divided into _____ parts.
A
three
16
Q
the high pressure system recieves gases from ________ at high _____ pressures and reduces those pressures to lower more constant pressures suitable for use in the machine.
A
cylinders
variable
17
Q
name the components of the high pressure system?
A
cylinder
hanger yoke
cylinder pressure indicator
pressure regulator (primary)
18
Q
what is the purpose of the hanger yoke?
A
to orient and support the cylinder, provide a gas tight seal, and ensure unidirectional gas flow.
19
Q
there must be at least one hanger yoke for what two gases?
A
oxygen and nitrous oxide
20
Q
name the parts of the hanger yoke?
A
body
retaining screw
nipple
index pins
washer
filter
check valve assembly
21
Q
describe the purpose of the body of the hanger yoke?
A
framework and support structure for the hanger yoke
22
Q
describe the purpose of the retaining screw of the hanger yoke?
A
tightens the cylinders in the yoke
23
Q
describe the purpose of the nipple of the hanger yoke?
A
site where gas enters the machine
24
Q
describe the purpose fo the index pins of the hanger yoke?
A
prevent attachment of incorrect cylinder
25
describe the purpose of the washer fo the hanger yoke?
helps form a seal between the cylinder and the yoke
26
describe the purpose of the filter of the hanger yoke?
remove particulate matter
27
describe the pupose of the check valve assembly of the hanger yoke?
ensures unidirectional flow of gases through the hanger yoke.
28
if a circuit breaker is activated on the anesthesia machine what should happen?
the electrical load should be reduced and the circuit breaker reset
29
downstream means?
closer to the air source
30
upstream means?
further away from the gas source
31
the psi on oxygen in the high pressure system is?
2000 psi
32
the psi of nitrous oxide on the high pressure system is?
750 psi
33
you should ensure that the cylinder valves and hanger yoke are free of oil and grease to prevent a?
fire hazard
34
how many washers should be around the nipple on a hanger yoke?
one
more than one washer can prevent a tight seal or override the PISS system
35
the scale on the cylinder pressure indicator in the high pressure system should be at least \_\_\_\_% greater than the maximum filling pressure of the cylinder or the full indication position
33%
36
the most common cause of a leak in the high pressure system is?
a defective or missing washer
37
what is the ASTM standard for the pressure indicator for cylinders?
must be a pressure indicator for each gas that is supplied by a cylinder
38
what is the ASTM standard for the primary pressure regulators?
there must be a pressure regulator present for each gas supplied by a cylinder
39
pressure regulation is performed manually or automatically?
automatically
40
what is the purpose of the cylinder pressure indicator?
display the pressure for each gas supplied by a cylinder
41
what is the purpose of the primary regulator?
reduce high and variable pressure of the cylinder to a lower, more constant pressure suitable for the anesthesia machine
42
where is the two locations for the cylinder pressure indicator?
near the cylinder or in the front of the anesthesia machine
43
what is the main type of pressure indicator?
bourdon type
44
cylinder pressure inicators are required to be calibrated in _________ but ____ may also be used.
kilopascals (kPa)
pounds per square inch (PSI)
45
what is the pressure in the intermediate pressure system?
50-55 psi
46
the intermediate pressure system recieves gases from?
the pressure regulators of cylinders or the pipeline inlet
47
name the components in the intermediate pressure system?
master switch
pipeline inlet
pipeline pressure indicators
piping
gas power outlet
oxygen pressure failure devices (oxygen failure safety device and oxygen supply failure alarm)
gas selector switch
second stage regulators
oxygen flush
flow control valves
48
what is usually independent of the master switch?
oxygen flush
49
the master switch does what?
allows oxygen to enter the pneumatic components
50
if the master switch is off, pressure in the intermediate system will drop to?
zero
51
the master switch is located downstream of what two things?
the inlets for the cylinders and the pipeline
52
what is the ASTM standard for pipeline inlets?
there must be a pipeline inlet connection for both oxygen and nitrous oxide
53
what is the purpose of the pipeline inlet connection?
entry point of gases from the pipeline
54
pipeline gas provide the anesthesia machine with gas at a more constant and low pressure compared to cylinders, usually ___ to ____ psi
50 to 55 psi
55
each pipeline inlet must have a filter with a pore size of ______ or less
100 μm
56
the pipeline Inlets are fitted and threaded, and non-interchangeable creating what?
the diameter index safety system fittings (DISS)
57
Each pipeline inlet must contain what?
filter and unidirectional valve
58
the purpose of the unidirectional valve in the pipeline inlet connection is?
prevent backflow from the machine into pipeline or atmosphere
59
what is the ASTM standard for pipeline pressure indicator?
there must be one present for each pipeline gas
60
the pipeline pressure indicator must be on this side of the?
check valve
61
where are the pipeline pressure indicators usually located?
on the front of the anesthesia machine
62
what is the purpose of piping in the intermediate pressure system?
connect the components inside of the machine
63
what is the ASTM standard for piping in the intermediate pressure system?
must be able to withstand four times the intended service pressure without interruption.
64
leaks between the pipeline inlet or cylinder pressure reducing system and the flow control valve are not to exceed?
25 mL/min
65
if the yoke and pressure reducing system are including with the pipeline inlet and to the flow control valves the leaks are not to exceed?
150 mL/min
66
if there is a leak greater than ASTM standards what will happen during the system checkout?
the system checkout will fail
67
the intermediate pressure system begins at?
the pipeline inlets
68
the intermediate pressure system ends at the?
flowmeter control valves
69
what is the purpose of the gas power outlet?
may serve a driving gas for ventilator or as the supply gas for the jet ventilator
70
how many gas power outlets are present on the anesthesia machine?
one or more may be present
71
what type of gas should be used with the gas power outlet?
ox
72
what is a consideration about modern ventilators and the gas power outlet?
may not be found on modern anesthesia machines due to the ventilator being integrated inot many anesthesia machines
73
name the two types of oxygen pressure failure devices?
oxygen failure safety device and oxygen supply failure alarms
74
without detection, depleted oxygen supply, can result in what being delivered to the patient?
100% anesthetic delivery
75
oxygen pressure failure devices aid in preventing hypoxia caused by problems that arise _____ of the machine circuit
upstream
76
when the pneumatic system is on, oxygen pressure reaches the oxygen failure safety device, it allows what to happen?
other gases to flow (nitrous oxide)
77
if the pneumatic system is turned off, what happens to the oxygen and other gases?
oxygen is vented to the atmosphere, the oxygen failure safety device detects a drop in pressure and ceases the flow of other gases.
78
even if the oxygen pressure failure devices are activated does it prevent the delivery of a hypoxic gas?
no because a mixture of gas is still present downstream.
79
standards require that oxygen concentration not fall below \_\_\_\_% at the common gas outlet when oxygen pressure is reduced below the manufactures specific minimum which is?
19%
20-30 PSIG
80
ASTM standard specifices that a fall in oxygen supply pressure below the manufacturer specified threshold, usually _______ PSIG occurs, at least a medium priority alarm shall occur within ____ seconds.
20-30 PSIG
5 seconds
81
other names for the oxygen failure safety devices are?
low pressure guardian system
oxygen failure protection system
nitrous oxide shutoff valve
fail safe
pressure sensor
82
what is the purpose of the gas selector switch?
prevents nitrous oxide and air from being used together, preventing a hypoxic mixture.
83
is gas selector switch present on all anesthesia machines?
no
84
are second stage regulators required?
no
85
what is the purpose of a second stage regulator?
to eliminate fluctuations caused by pipeline pressure fluctuations in pressure supplied to the flow indicators
86
if a second stage regulator is present they will be just upstream of the ?
flow indicators
87
second stage regulators further reduce oxygen pressure to ____ psi
14
88
second stage regulators further reduce nitrous oxide to ____ psi
26
89
the oxygen flush recieves oxygen from?
the pipeline gas inlet or cylinder pressure regulator
90
gas for the oxygen flush is directed at a high _____ flow directly to the?
unmetered
common gas outlet
91
the oxygen flush provides a flow?
between 35-75 L/min
92
a ASTM Standard is that the connection fo the flush valve delivery line to the common gas outlet must be designed so that activation does not increase or decrease pressure at the vaporizer by _____ or increase vaporizer output by \_\_\_\_
\> 10 kPA
\>20%
93
oxygen flush must be a ______ purpose, self-closing device that is operable with one hand and should not be able to be ________ activated.
single
accidently
94
the anesthesia machine has to be on or off to activate the oxygen flush?
can usually be activated whether the machine is on or off
95
activating the oxygen flush valve can affect other gases how?
Could result in other gases being shut off
96
the oxygen flush valve provides what kind of pressure to the system?
positive or negative
97
overuse of the oxygen flush can result in?
dilution of the anesthetic mixture
98
what is the purpose of the flow control valves?
regulate the flow of oxygen, air, and other gases to the flow indicators
99
what are the two types of the flow control valves?
electrical or mechanical
100
what is the ASTM standard for flow control knobs?
there should only be one flow control for each gas. it must be identifiable with its associated flowmeter
101
name the components of a flow control valves?
body
stem and seat
control knob
102
the flow control valve must be ______ or ______ to its associated flowmeter.
adjacent or identable
103
the mechanical flow control valve can also be called the?
needle valve
pin valve
fine adjustment valve
104
mechanical control valves are used on _____ and _____ flow control valves
electronic and mechanical
105
what does the body of the flow control valve do?
screw into the anesthesia machine
106
what does the stem and seat of the flow control valves do?
what does the close position look like?
what does the open position look like?
fine threads that allow stem to move only a short distance with complete turns.
closed: pin at the end fits into its seat, occludes opening to prevent gas from passing through
open: turned outward, opening between pin and seal is created.
107
the control knob of the flow control valve is joined to the \_\_\_\_\_.
stem
108
control knob on the flow control valves can be ______ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
rotary or electronic
109
electronic flow control valves must be turned _____ to increase flow.
clockwise
110
the rotary oxygen control knob on the flow control valve must be?
fluted and be large or larger than the other gases
111
the rotary oxygen flow control valve must be turned ______ to increase flow.
counterclockwise
112
how can you minimize accidental changes on rotary flow control valves?
113
common configurations for electronic flow control devices is?
one controls oxygen and one controls total flows
114
the low pressure system is downstream of the?
flow control valves
115
Pressure in the low pressure system is only slightly above ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
atmospheric pressure
116
pressure within the low pressure system depends on what three things?
flow from flow control valves
presence of check valves (back pressure devices)
back pressure from the breathing system.
117
what is the purpose of the flowmeters?
indicate the rate of flow of the gas passing through them.
118
what is the ASTM standards for flow indicator scales?
must be marked on or immediately adjacent to the tube.
119
oxygen flowmeter must be placed on the ______ side of a group of flowmeters
right
120
name the components of a flowmeter?
121
there is two types of flowmeters, what are they?
electronic or mechanical
an electronic one is pictured below
122
the tube on a flowmeter is usually made of \_\_\_\_\_.
glass
123
fine flow tube of the flowmeter goes from _____ to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
200 mL/min to 1 L/min
124
Dual flow tubes are controlled from ____ \_\_\_\_\_ valve
single flow
125
Indicators with the flowmeter should be _____ moving.
free
126
Ball indicators are read where for flowmeters?
in the middle
127
nonrotating and rotating indicators readings are taken from where?
upper rim
128
what is the purpose of rotating indicators?
rotation indicates gas is flowing and indicators is not stuck
129
what is the purpose of the stop on the flowmeter?
prevents plugging of outlet by indicator and prevents the indicator from going where it is not visible
130
what is the purpose of lights on the flowmeter?
useful in darkened rooms
131
various gas flows meet at the?
common manifold (mixing chamber) at the top
132
if two flowmeters are present for the same gas what is their purpose?
one is for low flows and one is for high flows
133
if a gas has two flow meters, how do you tell the flow rate?
it is not the sum of the two tubes, but the flow shown on the high flow tube.
134
name the two hypoxia prevention safety devices?
mandatory minimum oxygen flow
minimum oxygen ratio
135
what is the ASTM Standards for hypoxia prevention?
Anesthesia machine must be equipped with a device to protect against an operator selected delivery of a mixture of O2 and nitrous that contains an O2 concentration less than 21% in the fresh gas or inspiratory gas.
136
what is the mandatory minimum oxygen flow?
machine may require a minimum of 50 to 250 mL/min of O2 flow before other gases can flow. this will be preset by the manufacturer
137
minimum oxygen flow is activated when what happens?
the master switch is turned on
138
does the mandatory minimum oxygen flow prevent hypoxic gas concentration from bein delivered?
no
139
what does the minimum oxygen ratio do?
inspired gas analyzers prevent O2 concentration administration less than 21%
140
describe the hypoxia safety device in the low pressure system
prevents you from setting s a hypoxic mixture with the flow control valves
141
the hypoxia prevention safety device limits nitrous oxide flow to ___ time that of oxygen flow
the nitrous maximum is
the oxygen minimum is
3
75%
25%
142
unidirectional valves purpose in the low pressure system?
reduce the amount of positive pressure that can backflow into the breathing system
143
with the hypoxia prevention safety device and you increase the oxygen flow two things can happen?
the nitrous flow will increase proportionally or remain the same
144
A ___ tooth sproket for nitrous and ____ tooth sprocket for oxygen are linked so that a mixture causing oxygen to drop to 25% causes the oxygen or nitrous levle to adjust as the gases are adjusted to maintain an O2 concentration of \_\_\_\_.
14
29
25%
145
the 25% concentration of oxygen at the flowmeter is the concentration required for ______ no the concentration at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
flow
common gas outlet (because the the gas will mix with vaporizers)
146
147
where is the unidirectional valves are located where?
between the vaporizers and the common gas outlet
148
unidirectional valves in the low pressure system are upstream of the ?
where the oxygen flush joins the fresh gas flow
149
unidirectional valves reduces \_\_\_\_\_, but does not prevent it
pressure
150
positive pressure during assisted or controlled ventilation and use of the oxygen flush can cause positive pressure to backflow into the system, which would interfere with what?
the flowmeter readings and volatile gases delivered from the vaporizers
151
what is the purpose of the pressure relief devices?
protects the machine from high pressures
152
where is the pressure relief devices located in the low pressure system?
usually near the common gas outlet
153
the pressure relief device valve opens to do what?
to release gas to the atmosphere if the preset pressure is exceeded
154
the pressure relief device can limit the use of the ventilator for _____ ventilation when using for a cricothyrotomy?
jet
155
what is the purpose the common gas outlet is?
recieves all the gases and vapors and delivers the mixture to the breathing system
156
some common gas outlets have a ____ mm female and a ____ mm coaxial male
15 mm
22 mm
157
the common gas outlet si a common location for \_\_\_\_\_\_
disconnections
therefore it must be difficult to accidently disengage the deliver hose from the outlet
158
name the electrical components of the anesthesia machine?
master switch
power failure indicator
reserve power
electrical outlets
159
if the machine is likely to be used in locations that do not have piped gases, it is advisable to have?
a double yoke especially for oxygen, and a piston driven mechanism
160
the check valve assembly in the high pressure system does what?
allows gas from a cylinder to enter the machine but prevents gas from exiting the machine when there is no cylinder in the yoke
161
