Verb and verb phrases

Question 1

What is a verb?

Answer 1

A class of WORDS that serve to indicate the occurrence or performance of an action, or the
existence of a state or condition

Question 2

Verb forms:
-Regular: close, stay, walk, hurry
-Irregular: break, run, put, see, thing

Answer 2

Base form

Question 3

Verb forms:
-Regular: closes, stays, walks, hurries
-Irregular: breaks, runs, puts, sees, thinks

Answer 3

s-form/ present tense

Question 4

Verb forms:
-Regular: closed, stayed, walked, hurried
-Irregular: broke, ran, put, saw, thought

Answer 4

Past tense

Question 5

Verb forms:
-Regular: closed, stayed, walked, hurried
-Irregular: broken, run, puts, seen, thought

Answer 5

Past participle

Question 6

Verb forms:
-Regular: closing, staying, walking, hurrying
-Irregular: breaking, running, putting, seeing,
thinking

Answer 6

-ing participle

Question 7

Lexical verbs

Answer 7

individual meaning – reference to an action, state, event, situation, etc.

Question 8

Auxiliaries

Answer 8

function words with grammatical/modal meaning as part of a construction.

Grammatical: be, do, have
Modal: will, would, shall, can, could, may, might, must, ought

Question 9

Type of auxiliary: be, do, have + another verb

Answer 9

Grammar auxiliary

Question 10

Type of auxiliary: will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought

Answer 10

Modal auxiliary

Question 11

Be as lexical verb

Answer 11

Can be independent

Question 12

Do as lexical verb

Answer 12

takes do-support
i.e Did he do his duty?

Question 13

Have as lexical verb

Answer 13

1) does he have a dog
2) Has he a dog (wtf, some old ass english)

Question 14

Multi-word lexical verbs: Dan plays the guitar. Sheila looked down

Answer 14

Simple verb

Question 15

Multi-word lexical verbs: Her played down the incident -> He played the incident down.

Answer 15

Phrasal verb: verb and particle can be separated and moved

Question 16

Multi-word lexical verbs: Sheila only played at being a poet

Answer 16

Prepositional verb (verb + preposition) parts cant be seperated

Question 17

Multi-word lexical verbs: They played around with the headline for a while

Answer 17

Phrasal-prepositional verb (verb+particle+preposition) cannot be separated

Question 18

Multi-word lexical verbs: She took a look at the garden plot. We have it a try.

Answer 18

Delexical verb + verb-like noun

Question 19

Aspect

Answer 19

an indicator of how an action is viewed – from the inside or from the outside – as
unfolding or as completed. Important key words are duration and completion.

The progressive: I am attending a lecture. (Cf. I attend lectures.)
The perfect: I have attended a lecture. (Cf. I attended a lecture.)

Question 20

Voice

Answer 20

he distinction between active and passive – whether the subject referent performs/causes
an action (active) or is affected by the action (passive).

Active: Marion wrote the essay.
Passive: The essay was written by Marion.

Question 21

Modality

Answer 21

a perspective on the verbal action which adds an element of
– the speaker’s beliefs about the verbal action (probability, necessity)
– permission, obligation, ability, possibility

Marion must/may have written that essay. (=she probably has)
Marion may/must write an essay. (=she hasn’t, but she is allowed/obliged to do so)

Question 22

Catenative

Answer 22

auxiliary-like in having little meaning compared to the following lexical verb (e.g. keep
working)

like lexical verb in not being an obligatory part of any grammatical construction (i.e. a
catenatives is not obligatory in the formal marking of tense, aspect or voice.)

Question 23

Finite forms

Answer 23

Present and past tense

Question 24

Non-finite forms

Answer 24

infinitive, ing participle, past participle