Verbs

Question 1

verb endings

Answer 1

a) -ES/-S -> 3rd person (talkS, watchES)
b) -ING -> present continous (readING)
c) -ED -> 3 prnunciations (d, id, t)

Question 2

Auxiliary verbs

Answer 2

can’t stand alone, used with the main verb
express: tense, mood, voice, aspect
1) PRIMARY -> do, have, be
2) MODAL -> express ability, permission
-> can, must, shoud, may, might, could, would

Question 3

phrasal verbs

Answer 3

verb + adverbial
give up, put off, look after, put up with

Question 4

Semantic categories: TELIC verbs

Answer 4

actions with clear START and END
answer to “WHEN is it finished”
combined with phrases “in an hour/ by tomorrow”
build a house, write a letter, find a way…

Question 5

Semantic categories: ATELIC verbs

Answer 5

ON-GOING actions
combined with phrases “all day, for an hour”
run, walk, sleep, talk, know

Question 6

Semantic categories: DYNAMIC verbs

Answer 6

physical or mental actions, can be SEEN or DONE
PHYSICAL action -> run, write, jump, eat
MENTAL action -> think, remember, believe

Question 7

Semantic categories: STATIVE verbs

Answer 7

desctibes states, conditions, emotions
NO -ING form
know, love, belong, seem

Question 8

Semantic categories: TRANSITIVE verbs

Answer 8

requires a direct object to complete its meaning
eat A SANDWICH, write A BOOK
He built a HOUSE

Question 9

Semantic categories: INTRANSITIVE verbs

Answer 9

do NOT take a direct object
sleep, arrive, go, exist
He ARRIVED late. -> NO SUBJECT

Question 10

Semantic categories: DITRANSITIVE verbs

Answer 10

take TWO objects, direct and indirect
She gave him (IO) a book (DO
gave HIM -> komu, čemu -> IO
a book -> koho, co -> DO
give, send, teach, show

Question 11

Semantic categories: COPULAR verbs

Answer 11

LINKING verbs, connect subject to subject complement
subhject complement -> the cat SEEMS fine.
subject at the end
she IS happy.
-> be, seem, become, appear

Question 12

Non-finitive verbs

Answer 12

don’t show tense, person or number
cam’t serve as the main verb in an independent clause
functions as: ADVERBS, NOUNS, ADJ

Question 13

Infinitive verbs

Answer 13

to + verb
used as NOUNS, ADJ, ADVERBS
“TO study is important”
“She wants TO leabe early”

Question 14

Bare Infinitive verbs

Answer 14

base form without TO
MODAL verbs
make, let, help
“LET him go. They CAN sing.”

Question 15

Present participle verbs

Answer 15

-ING form
continuous tenses
“I saw him runnING. The cryING baby kept us awake.”

Question 16

Past participle verbs

Answer 16

used in PERFECT and PASSIVE
“The letter WRITTEN by her..”

Question 17

Gerund verbs

Answer 17

-ING form acting as a NOUN
subject, object, complement
SWIMMING is fun. (kdo co je fun)
She enjoys READING (koho co she enjoys)