Verbs - simple past

Question 1

Group 1 verbs simple past

e.g. lähteä
e.g. ajaa
e.g. saapua

e.g. tietää, lentää

Answer 1

Final vowel of stem replaced by -i, but with some exceptions
Note that 3rd person singular has short i
-e is always replaced by -i

lähdin, lähdit, lähti. lähdimme, lähditte, lähtivät

if verb has -a in 1st and 2nd syllable, the second -a becomes -o in front of past tense -i

ajoin, ajoit, ajoi. ajoimme, ajoitte, ajoivat

if last vowel of stem is round, the -i is added after that vowel, before the personal ending
3rd person sg does not lengthen vowel

saavuin, saavuit, saapui. saavuimme, saavuitte, saapuivat

there are some exceptions: these verbs end in -tää

tietää
tiesin, tiesit, tiesi. tiesimme, tiesitte, tiesivät

lentää
lensin, lensit, lensi. lensimme, lensitte, lensivät

Question 2

Group 3 verbs simple past

e.g. mennä

Answer 2

Present tense has link vowel -e-
To form past tense, -e is replaced by -i
3rd person singular has short-i

menin, menit, meni. menimme, menitte, menivät

Question 3

Group 4 verbs simple past

e.g. haluta

Answer 3

Present tense has -A added before personal ending
In past tense, -si is added instead of -A

halusin, halusit, halusi. halusimme, halusitte, halusivat

Question 4

simple past & diphthongs

Answer 4

When the -i is added to a diphthong, the first vowel is dropped and uo becomes -oi, yö becomes -öi, and ie becomes -ei

syödä -> söin, söit, söi, söimme, söitte, söivät