Vertebral Column Anomalies&Biliary Atresia

Question 1

What is spina pifida occulta?

Answer 1

Defect in vertebral column result from failure of fusion of neural crest which migrate

Question 2

What is meningocele?

Answer 2

The meninges herniate between the vertebrae

Question 3

What is myelomeningocele?

Answer 3

Spinal cord protrusion within sac contain CSF

Question 4

What is astrocytoma?

Answer 4

The most common brain tumor in pediatrics

Question 5

What is intraventricular hemorrhage?

Answer 5

The most common brain hemorrhage in neonates

Question 6

What is the clinical picture of biliary atresia?

Answer 6

-Jaundice in infants >14 days in term infants (>21 days in preterm infants)
-Pale stool and dark urine

Question 7

What are the investigations for biliary atresia?

Answer 7

-Conjugated bilirubin
(Prolonged physiological jaundice or breast milk jaundice will cause a rise in unconjugated bilirubin)
-Ultrasound of the liver show tiny or invisible gallbladder

Question 8

What are the treatment options for biliary atresia?

Answer 8

-Roux-en-Y portojejunostomy (Kasai procedure) best performed in the first 8 weeks of life
-If fails, liver transplant