Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Exam 2 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What component of the endolymph enters a hair cell to induce a depolarization?

A

k+

endolypmh is low in sodium, high in potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When turning the head to the right, acceleration of the rotational movement causes a ____ signal in the R lateral semicircular canal and a ___ signal in the L lateral semicircular canal.

A

When turning the head to the right, acceleration of the rotational movement causes a positive signal in the R lateral semicircular canal and a negative signal in the L lateral semicircular canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When turning the head to the right, deceleration of the rotational movement causes a ___ signal in the R lateral semicircular canal and a ____ signal in the L lateral semicircular canal.

A

When turning the head to the right, deceleration of the rotational movement causes a negative signal in the R lateral semicircular canal and a positive signal in the L lateral semicircular canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The head at rest- The endolymph in the lateral semicircular duct is _____. The hair cells in the crista ampularis are _____and are at their resting membrane potential.

A

The head at rest- The endolymph in the lateral semicircular duct is stationary. The hair cells in the crista ampularis are vertical and are at their resting membrane potential.l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The head accelerates to the left- The canals will move but the _____ will initially stay in place. This will cause the endolymph to move relative to the _____. The fluid movement will ____ the stereocilia of the hair cells.

A

The head accelerates to the left- The canals will move but the endolymph will initially stay in place. This will cause the endolymph to move relative to the ducts. The fluid movement will bend the stereocilia of the hair cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The head maintains a constant velocity- The ____ of the endolymph with the walls of the semicircular ducts causes the endolymph to ____ the velocity of the semicircular ducts. This allows the hair cells to go back to their _____ conformation.

A

The head maintains a constant velocity- The friction of the endolymph with the walls of the semicircular ducts causes the endolymph to match the velocity of the semicircular ducts. This allows the hair cells to go back to their original conformation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The head decelerates- The endolymph has gained some _____. When the head stops moving, the endolymph will continue to ____ until ____ with the semicircular ducts slows it down. While the endolymph is still moving relative to the ducts, it will _____the hair cell cilia.

A

The head decelerates- The endolymph has gained some momentum. When the head stops moving, the endolymph will continue to move until friction with the semicircular ducts slows it down. While the endolymph is still moving relative to the ducts, it will bend the hair cell cilia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, the head turns left and the eyes look ______.

A

During the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, the head turns left and the eyes look right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex can be used to test _____ function.

A

the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex can be used to test brainstem function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vestibulo-Oculomotor Reflex

  • The head turns left
  • The firing rate of the left _______ increases.
  • One set of neurons in the left _____ _____ ____ activates the ____ ____ nucleus.
  • Neurons from the right abducens nucleus sends axons to the right _____ _____ and the left ____ _____.
  • The left oculomotor nucleus activates the left _____ _____.
A

Vestibulo-Oculomotor Reflex

  • The head turns left
  • The firing rate of the left CN VIII increases.
  • One set of neurons in the left medial vestibular nucleus activates the right abducens nucleus.
  • Neurons from the right abducens nucleus sends axons to the right lateral rectus and the left oculomotor nucleus.
  • The left oculomotor nucleus activates the left medial rectus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the vestibulo-oculomotr reflex, the neurons from the abducens nucleus travel to the opposite oculomotor nucleus via the _____ ____ ____.

A

In the vestibulo-oculomotr reflex, the neurons from the abducens nucleus tracel to the opposite oculomotor nucleus via the medial longitudinal fasciculus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vestibulo-oculomotor reflex:

  • The head turns left, what is happening to the right side?
  • The signal from the right lateral semicircular canal ______.
  • The set of neurons in the right ____ ____ ____ that activates the left ____ ____ will decrease their firing rate.
  • The left abducens nucleus will reduce the_____ of the____ ____ _____ and decrease activation of the right ______ _____.
  • The right oculomotor nucleus decreases the ______ of the ____ _____ _____.
A

Vestibulo-oculomotor reflex:

  • The head turns left, what is happening to the right side?
  • The signal from the right lateral semicircular canal decreases.
  • The set of neurons in the right medial vestibular nucleus that activates the left abducens nucleus will decrease their firing rate.
  • The left abducens nucleus will reduce the tone of the left lateral rectus and decrease activation of the right oculomotor nucleus.
  • The right oculomotor nucleus decreases the tone of the right medial rectus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do two decussations occur in the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex?

A

the medial vestibular nucleus and the medial longitudinal fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, an inhibitory synapse occurs at the abducens nucleus on the ipsilateral side.

A

For the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, an inhibitory synapse occurs at the _____ nucleus on the______side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the vestibular nuclei located?

A

pontomedullary junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If there is a lesion in the LEFT vestibulocochlear nerve, the patient would feel like they are_____ to the ______ and would therefore _____ to the _____while trying to compensate.

A

If there is a lesion in the LEFT vestibulocochlear nerve, the patient would feel like they are falling** to the **right and would therefore stumble to the left while trying to compensate.

17
Q

Nystagmus

  • _____ cycle of ____ movement of the eye followed by a _____(saccadic) movement in the_____ direction.
  • Directionality of nystagmus is determined by the direction of the _____movement.
A

Nystagmus

  • Involuntary cycle of slow movement of the eye followed by a fast (saccadic) movement in the opposite direction.
  • Directionality of nystagmus is determined by the direction of the saccadic movement.
18
Q

Lesion in the left vestibulocochlear nerve:

  • ______ Nystagmus
  • ____ component to the _____
  • _____movement to the_____
  • Stumbling to the _____
A

Lesion in the left vestibulocochlear nerve:

  • Right Nystagmus
  • Slow component to the left
  • Saccadic movement to the right
  • Stumbling to the left
19
Q

The calorics test involves putting hot or cold water into the ____ _____. This changes the _____ of _____ and causes it to move in the semicircular canals.

A

The calorics test involves putting hot or cold water into the ear canal. This changes the density of endolymph and causes it to move in the semicircular canals.

20
Q

If cold water is used during the calorics test, the eyes move in the _____ direction from where the water is poured. If warm water is used, the eyes move in the _____ direction as where the water is poured.

A

If cold water is used during the calorics test, the eyes move in the opposite direction from where the water is poured. If warm water is used, the eyes move in the same direction as where the water is poured.

21
Q

The calorics test causes ______

A

nystagmus

22
Q

The doll’s eye movement test is done on ____ patients.

A

unconscious

23
Q

The doll’s eye movement test is also called the ______

A

oculocephalic maneuver

24
Q

Doll’s eye test:

With intact brainstem:

  • Head is moved from ____ to _____.
  • The eyes should move ______ to the direction of head movement.

With brainstem damage:

•The eyes ____ _____ and independent of head movement.

A

Doll’s eye test:

With intact brainstem:

  • Head is moved from side to side.
  • The eyes should move opposite to the direction of head movement.

With brainstem damage:

•The eyes remained fixed and independent of head movement.

25
Q

The medial vestibulospinal tract is a ____ tract

A

Descending

26
Q

Medial vestibulospinal tract:

  • The head is accelerated _____ and the hair cells in the _____ semicircular canals are activated.
  • Axons from the semicircular canal activate neurons in the ____ _____ ____.
  • The medial vestibular nucleus sends _____projections to excite the lower motor neurons of the____ ___ ___ to activate ______ of the head and neck.
A

Medial vestibulospinal tract:

  • The head is accelerated forward and the hair cells in the superior semicircular canals are activated.
  • Axons from the semicircular canal activate neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus.
  • The medial vestibular nucleus sends bilateral projections to excite the lower motor neurons of the cervical spinal cord to activate extensors of the head and neck.
27
Q

The medial vestibulospinal tract is used to ensure that your head stays ____while you fall_____.

A

The medial vestibulospinal tract is used to ensure that your head stays back while you fall forward.

28
Q
  • The macula of the saccule measures position and acceleration in the ______ plane.
  • The macula of the utricle measures ____ position and acceleration.
A
  • The macula of the saccule measures position and acceleration in the sagittal plane.
  • The macula of the utricle measures horizontal position and acceleration.
29
Q

The lateral vestibulospinal tract is used when you are falling over to the _____.

A

The lateral vestibulospinal tract is used when you are falling over to the side.

30
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract:

  • Lateral movements are detected by the _____ macula.
  • Sensory neurons send impulses from the utricle to the ____ ____ ____.
  • The lateral vestibular nucleus sends axons to the lower motor neurons in the ____ ____ in the ____ and ____spinal cord.
  • The lower motor neurons activate _____ extensor muscles.
A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract:

  • Lateral movements are detected by the utricular macula.
  • Sensory neurons send impulses from the utricle to the lateral vestibular nucleus.
  • The lateral vestibular nucleus sends axons to the lower motor neurons in the ventral horn in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord.
  • The lower motor neurons activate ipsilateral extensor muscles.
31
Q

The vestibulocortical pathway is an _____ pathway used for ____ recognition of _________.

A

The vestibulocortical pathway is an ascending pathway used for conscious recognition of where you are in space.

32
Q

vestibulocortical pathway:

  • Neurons from the _____ and _____vestibular nuclei send ____ projections to the ____ _____ and _____nuclei of the thalamus.
  • Neurons from the thalamus project to the areas ____ and ___ which are involved in _______ sensation.
A

vestibulocortical pathway:

  • Neurons from the superior and lateral vestibular nuclei send bilateral projections to the ventral posterolateral and posterior nuclei of the thalamus.
  • Neurons from the thalamus project to the areas 3A and 2V which are involved in proprioceptive sensation.
33
Q

the vestibular apparatus sends axons to the _____ and ____ vestibular nuclei.

A

the vestibular apparatus sends axons to the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei.

34
Q

the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei send axons to the _______ lobe and _____ ______.

A

the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei send axons to the flocculonodular lobe and posterior vermis.

35
Q

The flocconudolar lobe and posterior vermis connect to the ____ _____.

A

The flocconudolar lobe and posterior vermis connect to the fastigial nucleus.

36
Q

The fastigial nucleus sends input to the ____ and ____ ____ ____

A

The fastigial nucleus sends input to the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei.

37
Q

The medial and lateral vestibular nuclei send projections down the ______ _____.

A

The medial and lateral vestibular nuclei send projections down the vestibulospinal tract.

Neuro Exam 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions