VETS3010 Viral families Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
Briefly describe Adenoviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
A
- dsDNA virus w intranuclear replication and inclusion bodies
- Icosahedral capsule w 1-2 fibers/vertex
- non-enveloped
- many serotypes, most species specific; can persist for years
2
Q
List some examples of Adenoviruses
A
- Infectious canine hepatitis (Canine adenovirus 1)
- Infectious canine laryngeotracheitis (Canine adenovirus 2)
- human adenoviruses (>30 serotypes)
- bovine adenoviruses (10 serotypes)
- porcine adenoviruses
- equine adenoviruses
- avian adenoviruses
3
Q
List some examples of Circoviruses
A
- Psittacine beak and feather disease virus
- Chicken anaemia virus
- Porcine circovirus
- Canine (dog) circovirus
4
Q
Briefly describe Herpesviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
A
- dsDNA w intranuclear replication
- Icosohedral capsid
- Enveloped
- Characteristic feature: latent infection with periodic recurrences
5
Q
List some examples of herpesviruses
A
Avian:
Infectious laryngotracheitis
Marek’s disease
Bovine herpesvirus 1-5:
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV1)
Bovine herpes mammilitis (BHV2)
Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 + ovine herpesvirus 2)
Canine herpesvirus 1
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1-8
Equine herpesvirus 1-7
1: Equine abortion virus
2, 5: Equine cytolomegaloviruses
3: Equine coital exanthema
4: Equine rhinopneumonitis virus
Feline herpesvirus 1 (Feline rhinotracheitis virus)
Human herpesviruses:
Herpes simplex 1-8
Varicella zoster
Epstine Barr virus
Porcine herpesvirus 1 (Aujeszky’s disease)
6
Q
How are herpesviruses usually diagnosed?
A
Detection of antibodies NB detection of virus only useful during periods of disease recrudence
7
Q
Briefly describe papillomaviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
A
- dsDNA with intranuclear replication
- Icosohedral capsid
- no envelope
- Characteristic: lesions usually spontaneously regress
- Some associated with carcinomas
8
Q
How are papillomaviruses usually diagnosed?
A
Characteristic pathology
EM (mature viruses in keratinised epithelium)
PCR (genomes present in basal cells)
(No success with culture)
9
Q
List some examples of papillomaviruses
A
Human papilloma viruses (>60 types)
Bovine papillomaviruses 1-6
Equine papillomaviruses Equine sarcoids (bovine papillomavirus)
Canine papillomaviruses
Ovine papillomas
Caprine papillomas
10
Q
Briefly describe parvoviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features
A
- ssDNA with intranuclear replication + inclusion bodies
- icosohedral capsid (very small virus)
- non-enveloped
- extremely resistant, incluing extreme temp and pH
- highly immunogenic
11
Q
List some examples of parvoviruses
A
- Canine parvovirus
- Swine parvovirus
- Feline panleucopenia virus
12
Q
Briefly describe poxviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
A
- dsDNA, but with cytoplasmic replication + inclusion bodies
- complex capsid, large
- enveloped, but infectious even without envelope (resistant in environment)
13
Q
How are poxviruses usually diagnosed?
A
- characteristic clinical appearance and histopathology
- virus isolation & EM
- PCR used less commonly
14
Q
List some examples of poxviruses
A
- Smallpox
- Vaccinia
- Buffalopox
- Cowpox
- Sheepox
- Goatpox
- Lumpy skin disease
- Scabby mouth (parapox)
- Pseudocowpox/papular stomatitis (parapox)
- Swinepox (pigpox)
- Myxoma
- Fowlpox
15
Q
Briefly describe African Swine Fever Virus
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
A
- dsDNA virus
- icosohedral
- enveloped
- taxonomic ‘orphan’
- only DNA arbovirus
16
Q
Briefly describe Calciviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
A
- ssRNA
- icosohedral capsid with characteristic “cup-shaped depressions” = calices
- non-enveloped
17
Q
List some examples of Calciviruses
A
- vesicular exanthema
- feline calcivirus
- rabbit haemorrhagic disease
18
Q
Briefly describe coronaviruses
- genome?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
A
- ssRNA virus
- helical capsid with “club-shaped” peplomers
- enveloped
19
Q
List some examples of coronoviruses
A
- Infectious bronchitis (in chickens)
- Transmissible gastroenteritis (in pigs)
- Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
- Porcine haemagglutinating encephalitis
- Feline infectious peritonitis
- Canine coronavirus
- Bovine coronavirus
- Severe acute respiratory disease (SARS)
- Middle East respiratory distress syndrome (MERS-CoV)
- COVID-19
20
Q
Briefly describe Flaviviruses
- genome?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
A
- ssRNA virus
- Icosohedral capsid
- enveloped
- mostly arboviruses (biological transmission) (except some pestiviruses)
21
Q
List some Flaviviruses (Flavivirus genus)
A
- Japanese B encephalitis
- Murray Valley encephalitis
- Dengue
- West Nile virus
- West Nile virus - Kunjin virus
22
Q
List some Flaviviruses (Pestivirus genus)
A
- Bovine virus diarrhoea virus
- Border disease virus
- Swine fever (hog cholera)
23
Q
Briefly describe Influenza viruses (orthomyoviridae)
- genome?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
A
- 8x ssRNA
- Helical capsids with H & N peplomers
- enveloped
- Subject to antigenic drift, as well as antigenic shift
24
Q
List some influenza viruses
A
- Influenza A, B, C (only A of veterinary importance)
- Subtypes: H1-17, N1-10
- Spanish flu H1N1
- Swine flue H1N1(pdm09)
- Avian influenza H5N1, H7N9, H7N7, H9N2
- Equine influenza H7N7(equi 1), H3N8(equi 2)
- Canine influenza (Dog flu) H3N8
- Fowl plague: H5, H7 subtypes
- All subtypes found in ducks
25
Briefly describe Retroviruses
- genome?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
- 2 x ssRNA
- Helical nucleocapsid surrounded by icosohedral capsid
- Enveloped
- Persistent, lifelong infection
- provirus inserted into host DNA
- oncoviruses, lentiviruses, spumaviruses
26
Discuss the transmission and replication of retroviruses
- horizontal (exogenous) or vertical (endogenous) transmission
- contains reverse transcriptase, makes provirus (DNA analogue of viral RNA), inserted into host genome
- provirus replicated into daugter cells
- virons bud from plasma membrane -\> acquire envelope
27
List and briefly describe the subtypes of retroviruses
- Oncoviruses (associated with neoplasia)
- Lentivirus (slowly progressive disease)
- Spumaviruses (non-pathenogenic)
---
- Exogenous = horizontally transmitted, infectious
- Endogenous = vertically transmitted, usually transcriptionally silent
28
List some examples of oncoviruses (retroviruses)
- Avian lymphoid leukosis
- Bovine leukaemia virus (Enzootic bovine leucosis)
- Feline leukaemia virus
- Feline sarcoma virus
- Reticuloendothelial virus (in chickens)
- Pulmonary adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte) (in sheep)
29
List some examples of lentiviruses (retroviruses)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
- Maedi-visna virus
- Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
- Equine infectious anaemia
30
Briefly describe paramyxoviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- ssRNA w intracytoplasmic replication and synctyia
- helical nucelocapsid, 2 types of peplomers (F, H+N)
- enveloped
31
List the three groups of paramyxoviruses
- respiratory paramyxoviruses
- Morbilliviruses
- Henipaviruses
32
List examples of respiratory paramyxoviruses
- Parainfluenza virus 2 (in dogs)
- Parainfluenza virus 3 (in cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, dogs)
- Respiratory syncytial virus (in cattle)
- Parainfluenza 1-4 (in humans)
33
List some examples of Morbilliviruses
- Rinderpest
- Distemper
- Measles
- Marine mammal morbillivirus
- Newcastle disease (avian paramyxovirus 1)
34
List some examples of Henipaviruses
- Hendra virus (in horses)
- Nipah virus (in pigs)
35
Briefly describe picornaviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- ssRNA with intracytoplasmic replication
- Icosohedral capsid, small
- non-enveloped
36
List examples of picornaviruses
- Foot and mouth disease (\> 80 subtypes)
- Swine vesicular disease
- Porcine enterovirus
- Avian infectious encephalomyelitis
- Rhinoviruses of horses, cattle, people
- Encephalomyocarditis virus
37
Briefly describe rhabdoviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- ssRNA with intramuscular intracytoplamic replication
- Helical "bullet-shaped" capsid
- Enveloped
38
List examples of rhabdoviruses
- Rabies
- Australian bat lyssavirus
- Vesicular stomatitis
- Bovine ephemeral fever (3 day sickness)
- Rhabdoviruses of fish
39
Briefly describe togaviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- specific features?
- ssRNA
- icosohedral capsid
- enveloped
- arboviruses (biological transmission)
40
List examples of togaviruses
Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis
41
Briefly describe circoviruses
- genome and site of replication?
- capsid?
- enveloped?
- ssDNA
- icosahedral
- Non-enveloped
42
Briefly describe bunyaviruses
- genome
- capsid
- envelope
- 3x ssRNA
- helical
- enveloped
43
List some examples of bunyaviruses
Akabane
Schamallenberg virus
Rift Valley fever
44
Briefly describe arteriviruses
- genome
- capsid
- envelope
ssRNA
icosohedral
enveloped
45
List some examples of arteriviruses
Equine viral arteritis
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome
46
Briefly describe reoviruses
- genome
- capsid
- envelope
10-12 **double stranded** RNA
Icosahedral
No envelope
47
List some examples of reoviruses
Bluetongue
African horse sickness
Rotavirus
48
Briefly describe birnaviruses
- genome
- capsid
- envelope
- 2x double stranded RNA
- Icosahedral
- no envelope
49
List some examples of birnaviruses
Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)
50
List the erosive diseases of cattle
1. malignant catarrhal fever (herpesvirus)
2. bovine virus diarrhoea virus (pestivirus)
3. Rinderpest (paramyxovirus, eradicated)
51
List some diseases caused by prions
Crueztfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
Scrapie
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible mink encephalopathy
Transmissible feline encephalopathy
Chronic wasting disease (deer, elk)
52
What are prions?
Abnormally folded isoforms of normal host cell proteins (+/- variation in amino acid sequence)
Transmissible elements containing no genetic material
53
List the DNA viruses with envelopes
Poxviruses
African swine fever virus
Herpesvirus
54
List the viruses with single stranded DNA
Parvovirus
Circovirus
55
List the viruses with helical capsids
Paramyxovirus
Influenza viruses
Rhabdoviruses
Coronaviruses
Bunyaviruses
56
Do viruses with helical capsids have an envelope?
Yes
57
List the RNA viruses with no envelope
Reovirus
Birnaviruses
Calciviruses
Picornaviruses
58
List the viruses with \>1 segment RNA
Influenza viruses (8 ssRNA)
Bunyaviruses (3 ssRNA)
Reoviruses (10-12 dsRNA)
Birnaviruses (2 dsRNA)
59
List the viruses with double stranded RNA
Reoviruses (x10-12 segments)
Birnaviruses (x2 segments)
60
Which pathogens have a role in kennel cough?
Canine adenovirus 2
Parainfluenza virus 2
Bordatella
61
Which pathogens have a role in cat flu?
Feline herpesvirus 1 (40%)
Feline calcivirus (40%)
Chlamydia (20%)
62
Which pathogens have a role in bovine respiratory disease?
Bovine respiratory disease:
Bovine herpesvirus 1
Bovine virus diarrhoea virus
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Bovine corona virus
Bovine adenovirus
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
+ bacterial infection
+ environmental
