VI

Question 1

EKG shows flat T waves ad u waves

Answer 1

hypokalemia

Question 2

TCA overdose EKG changes

Answer 2

long QRS complex

Question 3

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is seen with what other condition

Answer 3

Ulcerative colitis

Question 4

most common causes of JVD

Answer 4

constrictive pericarditis, right ventricular infarction, restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 5

what parts of ventilator change the arterial pO2

Answer 5

FiO2 and PEEP

Question 6

what parts of ventilator change the arterial pCO2

Answer 6

respiratory rate and tidal volume

Question 7

non toxic levels of FiO2 on ventilator

Question 8

what carries pain sensation to cornea

Answer 8

V1 trigeminal

Question 9

necrotizing surgical infection signs

Answer 9

pain in wound, decreased sensitivity around wound, cloudy-gray discharge and sometimes crepitus

Question 10

how to decide if hematuria is glomerular or non-glomerular

Answer 10

glomerular: microscopic, nonspecific no Sx, uA have blood and protein, casts
non-glomerular: gross hematuria, dysuria, pain, UA show blood but no protein with normal appearing RBC

Question 11

most common glomerular nephropathy in adults

Answer 11

IgA, likely after upper respiratory infection

Question 12

signs of ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 12

hypocalcemia and Ca oxalate crystal deposition in kdineys

give fomepizole to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 13

when does enterococcus endocarditis occur

Answer 13

men after genitourinary manipulation or younger women after obstetric procedures

Question 14

what to give after determining warfarin induced necrosis

Answer 14

vitamin K stat

Question 15

side effects cyclosporine

Answer 15

nephrotoxicity
HTN
nerotoxicity- HA and visual disturbances
glucose intolerance
infection
malignancy
gingival hypertrophy and hirsutism
GI manigestations

Question 16

main side effects of cyclosprine

Answer 16

nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, HTN, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism and tremor

Question 17

how does cyclosporine work

Answer 17

inhibits transcription of IL2 and calcineurin

Question 18

what else works like cyclosprine

Answer 18

tacrolimus

Question 19

major toxicity of azathioprine

Answer 19

diarrhea, leukopenia and hepatotoxicity

Question 20

major toxicity of mycophenolate

Answer 20

bone marrow suppression because limits purine synthesis, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

Question 21

MOA ondansetron

Answer 21

inhibitor of serotonin

Question 22

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome symptoms

Answer 22

confusion, fever, muscle rigidity, diaphoresis

Question 23

what drugs can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 23

dopaminergic antagonists

Question 24

physical examination of hyperthyroidism

Answer 24

HTN
tremors in fingers and hangs
hyperreflexia
proximal muscle weakness
lid lag
atrial fibrillation

Question 25

HTN and hypokalemia

Answer 25

measure renin and aldosterone

Question 26

HTN hypokalemia increased aldosterone and low renin

Answer 26

primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 27

HTN hypokalemia increased aldosterone and increased renin

Answer 27

renovascular HTN maligntnat HTN renin secreting tumor diuretic use

Question 28

characteristics of primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 28

HTN mild hypernatremia metabolic alkalosis suppressed plasma renin activity

Question 29

serious side effects of cyclophosphamide

Answer 29

acute hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder carcinoma, sterility, myelosuppression acrolein (metabolite) is a toxic metabolite

Question 30

what prevents bladder toxicity of cyclophosphamide

Answer 30

MESNA and increase fluid intake

Question 31

immediate Tx of VF or VT

Answer 31

defibrillation

Question 32

vision defect in MS

Answer 32

central visual field defect and fundoscopy is usually normal

Question 33

alternative for Tx syphilis if allergic to penicillin

Answer 33

doxycycline

Question 34

when do you desensitize patient to penicillin for Tx of syphilis

Answer 34

if pregnant because cannot give doxy

Question 35

what is hyposthenuria and what condition is it known in

Answer 35

inability to concentrate urine | seen in those with sickle cell disease

Question 36

major s/s of waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

Answer 36

``` hepatoslepnomegaly and lymphadenopathy tiredness (anemia) tendency to bleed and bruise easily night sweats HA and dizziness various visual problems pain and numbness ```

Question 37

diagnostic cluse for waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

Answer 37

IgM spike on electrophoresis and hyperviscosity

Question 38

environmental factors that contribute to pancreatic CA

Answer 38

cigarrette (most important) | obesity, low physical activity

Question 39

top 3 factors for non alcoholic steatohepatitis

Answer 39

obesity DM hypertriglyceridemia

Question 40

pathophys of non alcoholic steatohepatitis

Answer 40

impaired responsiveness of fat cells to insulin

Question 41

what is leukomoid reaction

Answer 41

marked increase in leukocytes from severe infection or inflammation usually have increased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

Question 42

S4 murmur conditions

Answer 42

ventricular hypertrophy or AMI

Question 43

S3 murmur conditions

Answer 43

normal- pregnangy, young adults abnormal- HF, restrictive cardiomyopathy high output states

Question 44

Ca, phosphate, K and uric acid levels in tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 44

Ca dec, phosphate inc, potassium inc and uric acid increased

Question 45

what causes the hypocalcemia in tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 45

the phosphate realsed from cells binds up calcium

Question 46

what do you give to prevent nephropathy in tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 46

allopurinol

Question 47

best screening test for virilizing neoplasm

Answer 47

serum testosterone and DHEAS levels

Question 48

what labs help identidy an ovarian source neoplasm

Answer 48

increased testosterone with normal DHEAS

Question 49

what labs indicate adrenal source of virilizing neoplasm

Answer 49

elevated DHEAS | normal testosterone

Question 50

what happens to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular R in cardiogenic shock

Answer 50

increased pcwp from back up and increased SVR to try and maintain perfusion pressure

Question 51

complication of bronchiectasis

Answer 51

hemoptysis