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Clinically Based Concepts II > videos to watch: transcription and replication > Flashcards

videos to watch: transcription and replication Flashcards

1
Q

chromosomes contain long strands of DNA that are tightly wound around what protein?

A

histones

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2
Q

what are the instructions located within the DNA that make proteins?

A

genes

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3
Q

when a gene is switched on, what enzyme attaches to the start of the gene?

A

RNA polymerase

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4
Q

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA makes a strand of what out of free bases in the nucleus?

A

mRNAs

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5
Q

what is the process in which the DNA code determines the order where the free bases are added to the mRNA?

A

transcription

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6
Q

before the mRNA can be used as a template for the production of proteins, where in the cell is it processed?

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

what binds to the mRNA that reads the code to produce a chain of amino acids?

A

ribosomes

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8
Q

how many types of amino acids are there?

A

20

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9
Q

what carries the amino acids to the ribosome?

A

tRNA

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10
Q

how many bases at a time is the mRNA read?

A

3

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11
Q

as each transfer is read, what delivers the corresponding amino acid that leads to a long chain of amino acids?

A

tRNA

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12
Q

once the last chain of amino acids has been added, the chain folds into a 3D shape to form what?

A

protein

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13
Q

what is the first step to DNA replication?

A

separate the two strands of DNA via helicase

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14
Q

what does the helicase result in for DNA?

A

replication fork

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15
Q

what starts the process of the separated strands strands that provide a template for creating the new strand of DNA?

A

primase

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16
Q

what is the function of primase?

A

marks the starting point of for the construction of new strand of DNA

17
Q

what binds the primer to make the new strand of DNA?

A

DNA polymerase

18
Q

what direction does DNA polymerase add DNA bases?

A

5’-3’

19
Q

which strand of DNA is made continuously?

A

leading

20
Q

why is the lagging strand made discontinuously in small chunks?

A

it runs in the opposite direction

21
Q

what are the small chunks made by the lagging strand?

A

okazaki fragments

22
Q

once the new DNA has been made, what enzyme removes all RNA primers from both strands of DNA

A

exonuclease

23
Q

what fills in the gaps left behind with DNA?

A

another DNA polymerase

24
Q

what seals the fragments of DNA in both strands to form a continuous double strand?

A

DNA ligase

25
Q

why is DNA replication is described as semi-conservative?

A

because each DNA molecule is made up of one, conserved strand of DNA and one new one

Clinically Based Concepts II (15 decks)

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