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History £ Vietnam War > Vietam War > Flashcards

Vietam War Flashcards

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1
Q

What was French Indochina?

A

Colonies controlled by France in the Far East.

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2
Q

Who was Ho Chi Minh?

A

Communist president and resistance fighter in North Vietnam.

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3
Q

When did France and the USA get involved in Vietnam?

A

Involvement was during the period of 1945 to 1954.

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4
Q

When did the VietMinh declare Vietnam independent?

A

On 2nd September 1945 with Ho Chi Minh as President.

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5
Q

What was the ‘domino theory’?

A

The idea that if one country fell to communism, their neighbor would topple too.

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6
Q

What did the VietMinh control by the end of World War Two?

A

They successfully controlled the North of Vietnam.

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7
Q

What was the impact of Japanese occupation on Vietnam?

A

The Japanese were brutal, stripping Vietnam of its raw materials and food, leading to millions of Vietnamese starving to death.

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8
Q

What action did the American President take in response to the VietMinh?

A

Sent aid to the French to fight the communist VietMinh.

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9
Q

When did the U.S. send military aid to the French?

A

In July 1950.

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10
Q

What percentage of the equipment used by the French was supplied by America?

A

80%.

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11
Q

What was French Indochina?

A

Colonies consisting of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.

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12
Q

Who led the Vietnamese resistance against the Japanese?

A

Ho Chi Minh and Nguyen Vo Giap.

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13
Q

What did America do after Vietnam fell to communism in 1949?

A

Sent supplies and equipment to the VietMinh.

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14
Q

What resources did the French exploit in their colonies?

A

Raw materials such as coal, zinc, and rubber.

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15
Q

What did the French do in 1946 in response to the VietMinh?

A

Sent an army to Vietnam to fight the VietMinh.

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16
Q

How long did the war between the French and VietMinh last?

A

8 years until 1954.

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17
Q

What was France’s goal in the eighteenth century regarding Southeast Asia?

A

To extend their Empire by taking over large parts of the region.

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18
Q

What was the First Indochina War?

A

A war between the French Empire and the Vietminh who sought independence.

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19
Q

What years did the First Indochina War take place?

A

1946-1954.

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20
Q

What was the outcome of the First Indochina War?

A

The French were defeated and forced to leave Indochina in 1954.

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21
Q

What was the USA’s foreign policy inspired by during the Vietnam conflict?

A

The USA’s foreign policy was inspired by the Domino Theory.

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22
Q

What type of aid did the USA provide to Vietnam?

A

The USA provided military, financial aid, and political support.

In 1950, the aid was $15 million, and by 1953 it increased to $3 billion and 80% of equipment.

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23
Q

What were the key outcomes of the Geneva Accords in May 1954?

A
  1. Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel.
  2. Cambodia and Laos became independent.
  3. The French were to leave.
  4. Free elections were scheduled in July 1956 in Vietnam.

Unofficially, the USA was to support President Diem.

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24
Q

What was the McCarran Act?

A

The McCarran Act was a law that limited employment opportunities for communists in the USA.

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25
What was the role of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)?
HUAC required all US communist groups to register with it.
26
Who was Joseph McCarthy?
Joseph McCarthy was a senator who claimed to have a list of 200 communist workers. ## Footnote His accusations escalated the Red Scare and led to investigations by HUAC.
27
What actions did McCarthy take during the Red Scare?
McCarthy accused US generals and escalated the Red Scare.
28
What was the Red Scare?
The Red Scare was a period of intense fear of communism and its influence in the world.
29
How did propaganda relate to the Red Scare in the USA?
Propaganda in the USA fueled the idea of the dangerous spread of communism.
30
What was a consequence of the Red Scare?
The fear of communism contributed to the escalation of US involvement in Vietnam.
31
What was the support for President Diem's election?
Diem's election was rigged with a reported 98.2% support, while the US suggested a 70% threshold. ## Footnote Example of rigged elections.
32
What military support did the US provide to ARVN?
The US supplied ARVN with military aid and equipment, including sending CIA agents to Saigon and military advisors.
33
What is SEATO?
SEATO stands for Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, which was referred to as the Asian NATO, and South Vietnam was invited to join.
34
What was the propaganda campaign in Vietnam focused on?
The propaganda campaign aimed to promote support for the government and undermine the opposition.
35
How did JFK's support for Diem escalate US involvement?
JFK's support included increasing ARVN troops to 170,000 by 1961, sending 300 helicopter pilots, and 16,000 military advisors.
36
What was the strategic hamlet program?
The strategic hamlet program was initiated in 1962, leading to a 300% increase in support for the Viet Cong.
37
What was JFK's decision regarding Diem in 1963?
JFK approved a non-violent coup to remove Diem, but Diem was assassinated by ARVN generals in November 1963.
38
What was the situation in Vietnam after Diem's assassination?
The USA continued to support the southern regime and ARVN, but the situation remained very unstable with the risk of falling to communism.
39
Did the USA have 'boots on the ground' in Vietnam by 1963?
No, the USA had not yet deployed ground troops in Vietnam by 1963.
40
What was the strategic hamlet plan of 1962?
The plan aimed to starve the Viet Cong of peasant support and supplies by relocating villages to strategic hamlets surrounded by barbed wire and ditches, restricting freedom. By 1963, 213 of the population were moved, leading to anger and support for the VC.
41
How did Diem's policies affect Buddhists?
Diem persecuted Buddhists, requiring them to seek permission to worship, forbidding the flying of religious flags, and closing many pagodas.
42
How did Diem utilize US aid?
Diem used US aid to enrich himself and live in luxury in presidential palaces.
43
What role did nepotism play in Diem's government?
Diem practiced nepotism by promoting family and friends, with his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu as chief political advisor and his sister-in-law Madame Nhu as unofficial first lady.
44
What did the NLF (Viet Cong) offer?
The NLF offered unification of Vietnam, a government that represented all people, and land reform for the peasants.
45
What was the perception of Diem's anti-communist stance?
Diem's anti-communist stance gained him American support but was perceived as a form of foreign intervention and imperialism.
46
What did Diem do to dissenters?
Diem punished dissenters by sending them to 're-education' camps.
47
How did Diem violate the Geneva Accords?
Diem violated the Geneva Accords by calling an election early in 1955 and rigging it to win 98.2% of the vote.
48
Who was Bo Dai?
Bo Dai was the previous Emperor of Vietnam.
49
What was Diem's religious affiliation?
Diem was a Catholic in a country where 80% of the population were Buddhists.
50
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)
the US Act granting LBJ power to use the Us military in Vietnam •
51
What happened November 1963?
LBJ becomes president and provides financial aid to ARVN
52
What happened in March 1964?
LBJ sent US destroyers eg USS Maddox and financial aid
53
What happened on 3rd August 1964?
USS Maddox attacked
54
What happened on 4th August 1964?
LBJ spoke to national media to increase US involvement . Retaliatory air strikes
55
What happened on 7th August 1964?
Gulf of Tonkin resolution passed giving LBJ permission to take any power necessary to defend Southeast Asia. Some troops and bombing began
56
What happened February 1965?
Camp Holloway was attacked. 8marines killed ,100 wounded. 200,000 marines were sent in and operation rolling thunder took places (1 million tonnes of bombs)
57
What is guerrilla warfare
Method of warfare relying on surprise raids and ambushes to defeat a stronger enemy
58
15,000
Distance covered by HCM trails
59
27,000
SV government workers killed by VC
60
90%
VC weapons were from ARVN/USA
61
60 tonnes
Supplies received daily by VC through HCM trail
62
300km
Covered by VC tunnels
63
51%
US troops died in ambushes

History £ Vietnam War (1 decks)

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