Viewing a Polysomnogram (pre-final)

Question 1

The term ______ is
derived from Greek and Latin
roots.

Answer 1

polysomnogram

Question 2

indicates many and
represents the many channels of
data collected.

Answer 2

Poly

Question 3

____ refers to sleep.

Answer 3

Somno

Question 4

______ refers to the
writing or display of the data.

Answer 4

Gram or graphy

Question 5

The ___ are viewed
simultaneously to show activity
from several parts of the body at
one time during wake and sleep.

Answer 5

channels

Question 6

Some of the channels portray ____ (electromyogram), whereas others collect _____ (respiratory channels).

Answer 6

fast frequency activity / slow-frequency activity

Question 7

The data are displayed at a __, or __, of 10 mm/sec.

Answer 7

rate/ paper speed

Question 8

For polysomnography, EEG, EOG,
chin EMG, and EKG activity is
optimally viewed as a 30-second
“ ___,” most often referred to as
an ___.

Answer 8

page / epoch

Question 9

For slower-frequency
channels like airflow, ____ can be combined to display
windows of ____

Answer 9

several epochs / larger time segments.

Question 10

Common window widths range
from ____ (4 epochs) to
____ (10 epochs).

Answer 10

120 seconds - 300 seconds

Question 11

The first type of channel on a
polysomnograph is the
_____

Answer 11

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 12

EEG leads are placed on the head to detect ___, or ___,
from specific areas of the ___.

Answer 12

impulses / brain waves / cortex

Question 13

EEG data are used in sleep
primarily for determining
______ and to distinguish the various ____

Answer 13

wakefulness versus sleep / stages of sleep

Question 14

The ___, ____, and
_____ (shape) of the waves
help the reader determine the
stage of sleep.

Answer 14

amplitude, frequency, and morphology

Question 15

EEGs are also beneficial in
detecting other events such as
____ and _____.

Answer 15

seizure activity and beta spindles

Question 16

The recommended EEG montage
for polysomnography is a
_____.

Answer 16

referential montage

Question 17

Referential montages use ____ and ____ for each channel.

Answer 17

one active electrode /
one reference electrode

Question 18

For EEG channels collected in a
standard diagnostic sleep study,
the electrodes on the left side of
the head— namely, ___ and
___ —are all referenced to the
opposite mastoid, ___.

Answer 18

F3, C3, and O1/ M2

Question 19

the electrodes on the
Right side of the head —namely, ___ and ___ —are all referenced to ___

Answer 19

F4, C4, and O2 / M1

Question 20

The signals derived at __ and __
should be similar because they lay over the same area of the ___ on each side.

Answer 20

F3 and F4 / frontal cortex

Question 21

However, they will not be identical because they have different ___.

Answer 21

reference electrodes

Question 22

The _____ is the display of eye movements.

Answer 22

electroocculogram (EOG)

Question 23

Because the ___ is positively
charged with respect to the retina,
when a patient looks toward the
electrode, a _____ is sent
to the polysomnograph, resulting in a ___ pen deflection.

Answer 23

cornea / positive charge / downward

Question 24

When a patient looks away from
the EOG electrode, a ____ results, creating an ___
pen deflection.

Answer 24

negative charge / upward

Question 25

The _____ portrays the recording of muscle activity and tone.

Answer 25

electromyogram (EMG)

Question 26

Muscle tone, particularly of the __ and ___ area, is an important criterium used in determining sleep stages.

Answer 26

chin and jaw

Question 27

____ decreases in amplitude from wake to sleep, and it decreases further during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Answer 27

Muscle tone

Question 28

It is not necessary to identify specific wave forms or shapes in ___ , but rather amplitude changes.

Answer 28

EMGs

Question 29

____ changes in amplitude may indicate muscle movement such as a ___ or ___ .

Answer 29

Sharp, abrupt / leg jerk / twitch

Question 30

___ changes in EMG amplitude may indicate a change in muscle tone, such as when the muscles in the ___ relax at sleep onset.

Answer 30

Gradual, subtle / chin relax

Question 31

The _____ sometimes spelled (___) because of its German roots, is a recording of the heart’s electrical impulse activity.

Answer 31

electrocardiogram (ECG), (EKG)

Question 32

____ and ___ between the different waves are all important factors to consider when interpreting an ECG and can help identify abnormalities.

Answer 32

Rate, rhythm, and intervals

Question 33

The normal adult heart rate while awake is ____ While asleep, the average heart rate decreases by ____

Answer 33

60–100 beats per minute. / 10–20 beats per minute.

Question 34

The normal ECG rhythm is made up of a ____, a ____, and a ___.

Answer 34

P wave / QRS complex / T wave

Question 35

Each ___ corresponds to a portion of the heart’s electrical and mechanical activity.

Answer 35

waveform

Question 36

The ___ indicates the contraction of the atria, or upper chambers of the heart.

Answer 36

P wave

Question 37

The ___ corresponds to the contraction of the ventricles, or lower chambers of the heart.

Answer 37

QRS complex

Question 38

the ____ indicates the repolarization of the ventricles.

Answer 38

T wave

Question 39

___ and ___ of the waveform can also provide important information.

Answer 39

Segments and intervals

Question 40

The ____ refers to the distance from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the Q wave

Answer 40

PR interval

Question 41

the ____ refers to distance from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave.

Answer 41

QT interval

Question 42

The ____ refers to the distance between the end of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS

Answer 42

PR segment

Question 43

_____ refers to the distance from the end of the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave.

Answer 43

ST segment

Question 44

Respiratory parameters recorded in polysomnography include ____ and _____.

Answer 44

airflow and respiratory effort

Question 45

(Respiratory Channels) Most often this is accomplished via a ____ , a _____, and _____

Answer 45

thermal sensor / pressure transducer / respiratory effort belts.

Question 46

______ are the slowest of the AC channels on the polysomnograph.

Answer 46

Respiratory channels

Question 47

The waveform is ____ in nature, and the ____ is determined by the speed of the breath.

Answer 47

sinusoidal / frequency

Question 48

____is a measurement of the saturation of oxygen in the blood as read by a _____

Answer 48

SpO2 / Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) / pulse oximeter

Question 49

In polysomnography, _____ allows a continuous measure of oxygen saturation throughout the night without disturbing the patient’s sleep.

Answer 49

pulse oximetry

Question 50

In sleepers without respiratory disturbances, the ___ remains fairly constant throughout the night.

Answer 50

saturation

Question 51

Oxygen saturation decreases with respiratory disturbances such as ___ and ____.

Answer 51

apneas / hypopneas

Question 52

An oxygen desaturation in response to a respiratory disturbance may vary anywhere from ____ or more.

Answer 52

1% to 40%

Question 53

The ____ is a DC channel that displays the position in which the patient is laying determined by readings from the ___ sensor.

Answer 53

body position channel

Question 54

The ____ is placed in the middle of the chest and typically displays the body position as ____

Answer 54

body position sensor / supine, left, right, prone, or upright.

Question 55

The ____ is particularly important in patients with sleep- disordered breathing.

Answer 55

body position

Question 56

Many patients with _____ have more severe symptoms while in the supine position.

Answer 56

obstructive sleep apnea

Question 57

Therefore, it is important to document information on body position during the diagnostic sleep study to identify ____.

Answer 57

positional trends

Question 58

In addition, when titrating ___, it is important to correct the ___ while the patient is in the supine position.

Answer 58

PAP/ sleep- disordered breathing