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#‼️HISTOLOGY COPY > VII - Muscle > Flashcards

VII - Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle: cytoplasm

A

sarcoplasm

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2
Q

Muscle: SER

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

Muscle: cell membrane and external lamina

A

sarcolemma

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4
Q

Muscle Fibers: slow, oxidative, red

A

Type I

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5
Q

Muscle Fibers: fast, oxidative, glycolytic, red

A

Type IIa

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6
Q

Muscle Fibers: fast, glycolytic, white

A

Type IIb

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7
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: mitochondria

A

numerous

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8
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: capillaries

A

numerous

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9
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: diameter

A

small

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10
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: motor unit size

A

small

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11
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: myoglobin content

A

high

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12
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: glycogen content

A

low

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13
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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14
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes

A

low

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15
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue

A

slow

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16
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity

A

low

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17
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction

A

slow

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18
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers: location

A

postural muscles of the back

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19
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: mitochondria

A

numerous

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20
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: capillaries

A

numerous

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21
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: diameter

A

intermediate

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22
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: motor unit size

A

intermediate

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23
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: myoglobim content

A

high

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24
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: glycogen content

A

intermediate

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25
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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26
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes

A

intermediate

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27
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue

A

intermediate

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28
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity

A

high

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29
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction

A

fast

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30
Q

Type IIa Muscle Fibers: location

A

major muscles of legs

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31
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: mitochondria

A

sparse

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32
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: capillaries

A

sparse

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33
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: diameter

A

large

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34
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: motor unit size

A

large

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35
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: myoglobin content

A

low

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36
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: glycogen content

A

high

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37
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP

A

anaerobic glycolysis

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38
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes

A

high

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39
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue

A

fast

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40
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity

A

high

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41
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction

A

fast

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42
Q

Type IIb Muscle Fibers: location

A

extraocular muscles

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43
Q

Skeletal Muscle: skeletal attachment

A

present

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44
Q

Skeletal Muscle: fiber shape

A

cylindrical

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45
Q

Skeletal Muscle: fiber diameter

A

10-100μm

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46
Q

Skeletal Muscle: mitochondria

A

few (2%)

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47
Q

Skeletal Muscle: functional syncitium

A

none

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48
Q

Skeletal Muscle: nucleus

A

multiple, peripheral

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49
Q

Skeletal Muscle: sarcomere (striation)

A

regular

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50
Q

Skeletal Muscle: T-tubules

A

center of triads at A-I junctions

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51
Q

Cardiac Muscle: skeletal attachment

A

none

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52
Q

Cardiac Muscle: fiber shape

A

cylindrical, branches

53
Q

Cardiac Muscle: fiber diameter

A

10-20μm

54
Q

Cardiac Muscle: mitochondria

A

many (40%)

55
Q

Cardiac Muscle: functional syncitium

A

present

56
Q

Cardiac Muscle: nucleus

A

one or two, central

57
Q

Cardiac Muscle: sarcomere (striation)

A

regular

58
Q

Cardiac Muscle: T-tubules

A

diads at Z dics

59
Q

Smooth Muscle: skeletal attachment

A

none

60
Q

Smooth Muscle: fiber shape

A

fusiform

61
Q

Smooth Muscle: fiber diameter

A

0.2-10μm

62
Q

Smooth Muscle: mitochondria

A

less

63
Q

Smooth Muscle: functional syncitium

A

presemt

64
Q

Smooth Muscle: nucleus

A

single, central at the widest part of the cell

65
Q

Smooth Muscle: sarcomere (striation)

A

none

66
Q

Smooth Muscle: T-tubules

A

none, caveolae may be functionally similar

67
Q

Skeletal Muscle: actin attachment

A

Z line

68
Q

Skeletal Muscle: Ca binding protein

A

troponin

69
Q

Skeletal Muscle: response to stimulus

A

graded by recruitment

70
Q

Skeletal Muscle: excitability

A

nerve supply (motor)

71
Q

Skeletal Muscle: electrical coupling

A

none

72
Q

Skeletal Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca

A

none

73
Q

Skeletal Muscle: regeneration

A

limited

74
Q

Skeletal Muscle: pacemaker potential

A

none

75
Q

Skeletal Muscle: major locations

A

skeletal muscle, tongue, diaphragm, eyes, upper esophagus

76
Q

Cardiac Muscle: actin attachment

A

Z line

77
Q

Cardiac Muscle: Ca binding protein

A

troponin

78
Q

Cardiac Muscle: response to stimulus

A

all or none electrical syncitium

79
Q

Cardiac Muscle: excitability

A

intrinsic (autonomic)

80
Q

Cardiac Muscle: electrical coupling

A

intercalated disc and gap junctions

81
Q

Cardiac Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca

A

present

82
Q

Cardiac Muscle: regeneration

A

very poor

83
Q

Cardiac Muscle: pacemaker potential

A

present

84
Q

Cardiac Muscle: major locations

A

heart

85
Q

Smooth Muscle: actin attachment

A

dense bodies

86
Q

Smooth Muscle: Ca binding protein

A

calmodulin

87
Q

Smooth Muscle: response to stimulus

A

partial, slow, spontaneous, wave-like, rhythmic

88
Q

Smooth Muscle: excitability

A

intrinsic (autonomic)

89
Q

Smooth Muscle: electrical coupling

A

gap junctions

90
Q

Smooth Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca

A

present

91
Q

regeneration

A

good

92
Q

Smooth Muscle: pacemaker potential

A

present

93
Q

Smooth Muscle: major locations

A

blood vessels, digestive and respiratory tracts, uterus, bladder

94
Q

Pacemaker of cardiac muscles

A

SA node

95
Q

Pacemaker of smooth muscles in GI tract

A

interstitial cells of Cajal

96
Q

Vessel supplying the SA node

A

R coronary artery

97
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum in muscles

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

98
Q

Ca voltage sensor receptors in the tubular membrane

A

dihydropyridine receptors

99
Q

Ca-channel blocker that acts on dihydropyridine receptors

A

Nifedipine

100
Q

Ca-release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Ryanodine Ca Release Channels

101
Q

Part of sarcoplasmic reticulum where Ca is stored

A

terminal cisternae

102
Q

Does not shorten in contraction

A

A band

103
Q

Sarcomere: thin filaments only

A

I band

104
Q

Sarcomere: thick filaments only

A

H band

105
Q

Sarcomere: mostly thick filaments with thin filaments in between

A

A band

106
Q

Sarcomere: structural protein of thin filaments

A

actin

107
Q

Sarcomere: structural protein of thick filaments

A

myosin

108
Q

Sarcomere: supporting protein that binds to tropomyosin

A

Trop T

109
Q

Sarcomere: supporting protein that binds Ca ions

A

Trop C

110
Q

Sarcomere: supporting protein that inhibits actin-myosin interaction

A

Trop I

111
Q

Sarcomere: contains ATPase activity

A

myosin

112
Q

Muscle Striations: thick and thin filaments, dark band

A

A band

113
Q

Muscle Striations: thin myofilaments, light band

A

I band

114
Q

Muscle Striations: bisects the A band, thick filaments only, dark band

A

H band/zone

115
Q

Muscle Striations: bisects the I band

A

Z disk

116
Q

Delimits Sarcomeres

A

distance between 2 Z disks

117
Q

Muscle Striations: bisects A band, absolute middle of a sarcomere

A

M line

118
Q

A Band: Contraction

A

no change

119
Q

A Band: Stretching

A

no change

120
Q

I Band: Contraction

A

shortens

121
Q

I Band: Stretching

A

lengthens

122
Q

H Band: Contraction

A

shortens

123
Q

H Band: Stretching

A

lengthens

124
Q

Z Discs: Contraction

A

moves closer together

125
Q

Z Discs: Stretching

A

moves further apart

126
Q

M Line: Contraction

A

shortens

127
Q

M Line: Stretching

A

lengthens

128
Q

Substance release by damaged muscle fibers into the bloodstream causes renal failure and possible death

A

myoglobin

129
Q

Process of muscle breakdown

A

rhabdomyolysis

#‼️HISTOLOGY COPY (28 decks)

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