Vineyard Management Flashcards
(57 cards)
What a natural ways water drains in a vineyard?
Runs off surface Taken up by plant roots Absorbed into ports in soil particles Evaporates from soil surface Drains down through soil
What are artificial ways to improve drainage?
Improve soil structure (add manure, organic matter, sand, grit, lime) Dig ditches Install drainage pipes Mole drainage Sub-soiling
What are the points of difference between fixed overhead sprinkler and under-canopy systems?
Potential for frost protection (fixed overhead sprinkler is suitable with correct design and under-canopy is not)
Limited rate of supply (fixed overhead sprinkler is not suitable and under-canopy is with correct design
Water salinity (fixed overhead is not tolerant and under-canopy is)
What are the points of difference between under-canopy systems and drip?
Potential for frost prevention through soil wetting (under-canopy is suitable and drip is not)
Limited total water supply (under-canopy is rarely suitable and drip is)
What are the advantages to flood or furrow compared to sprinkler and drip systems?
Capital and operating cost is low
Interval between irrigations is larger
[Few problems with water cleanliness]
What is the main advantage of replacement cane pruning?
Vine vigour is controlled by limiting carb reserves
What is the main disadvantage of replacement cane pruning?
Technique requires skill and cannot be mechanized
What is bud rubbing?
Removing undesirable shoot before it grows
What is green harvesting?
Removing bunches to allow remaining bunches to ripen more fully and evenly
50 hours/ha
What is the effect of green harvesting too early (pre-veraison) and too late (post-veraison)?
Too early: vines will react by increasing rate of berry cell division and increase berry size
Too late: less effective as sugar already moved into berries
What is leaf stripping and when is it done?
removal of leaves around fruit zone to improve fruit quality and fruit health and spray penetration and to increase speed of manual harvesting; done by machine or hand
70 hours/ha
What is eutypa and how does it relate to pruning?
A parasitic fungi; may enter where vine has pruning cut over 30mm in diameter which deepen due to frost cracking; overwrinters on canes
What is no-till cultivation?
Chemical weed control
What are types of herbicides?
Pre-emergence herbicides
Contact herbicides
Systemic herbicides
What are pre-emergence herbicides?
Poorly-soluble compounds that becomes tripped in upper layers of soil; absorbed through roots and act by inhibiting photosynthesis in young seedlings
What are contact herbicides?
Wilters or knockdown
Absorbed through green organs and destroy those parts
Effect is only temporary in plants with well-established root systems
Broken down in soil quickly
What are systemic herbicides?
Absorbed by leaves and translocate in sap; destroy whole plant
Very slow acting
What is floral initiation and what does its success depend on?
Where embryonic flowers develop in the dormant buds the year before and their success depends on temperature and sunlight exposure
What type of nutrients is sandy soil in a high rainfall area likely deficient in?
Potassium, Calcium, Sulfur
What type of nutrients is frequently cultivated, shallow soil in a low rainfall area likely deficient in?
Nitrogen
What is the main factor that predetermines wine style and quality?
Grape genetic characteristics
What does climate influence in a grape?
Levels of sugar, acid, pigment, tannin and intensity of fruit flavours
What influences the amount of crop produced by a variety?
Capacity for floral initiation and fruit set
What are activities done in summer of year 1 in site preparation?
Remove existing vegetation (essential) Plat external windbreak Level ground Terrace Sub-soil Install drainage Soil disinfection
