Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sommelier Prep Course > Viniculture > Flashcards

Viniculture Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is viniculture

A

the decisions made and procedures performed in the winery to shape flavors, quality, and characteristics of wines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is table wine

A

a wine that is mostly dry and still. Little to no sugar and no carbonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 6 stages of winemaking

A

Harvest
grape processing
fermentation
bulk aging
clarification and conditioning
bottling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the harvest

A

Picking grapes when they are determined to be the right ripeness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is a grape ripe

A

When the grape has the right sugar and acidity according to the wine maker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is involved in grape processing

A

Crushing
Pressing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the crush

A

Gently breaking the skins of the grapes to release their juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the must

A

the mixture of grape juice and grape solids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a destemmer do

A

removes the stems and large particles that contain tannins.
Primarily done for red wines and some whites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What flavor profiles do stems usually contain?

A

green-vegetable flavors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is oxidation

A

The result of oxygen acting on a substance. Degrades the quality of the must

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do sulfites do

A

Usually added (if at all) prior to crushing or to must after crushing
Acts as preservative, slowing oxidation and inhibiting the growth of unwanted bacteria and yeasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pressing

A

Removing the grape juice from the solid matter before fermentation begins. Used with white wines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is free-run juice

A

Juice that occurs before the press process begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are characteristics of wine made from free-run juice

A

Softer characteristics
More pure flavors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between white and red wines

A

White is fermented with no skin contact
Red is fermented with skin contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is a blush or rose wine produced

A

After crushing the grape juice is allowed to stay in contact with the solid particles of the grape until appropriate pink color has been achieved. It is then pressed.
Rose fermented like a white wine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is saignee

A

A process to make rose wine.
Winemaker bleeds off some of the pink -colored wine during the early periods of fermentation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are important factors for fermentation

A

Wild or cultured yeast
Fermentation temperature
Material for fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the temperature range for premium wine production

A

50 - 95 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How long is a normal warm fermentation

A

1 - 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long is a normal cold fermentation

A

2 weeks - 1+ months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the temperature for a cool fermentation

A

50 - 60 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of wine is made with cold fermentation

A

delicate white wines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the materials used for fermentation
Stainless-steel (most common) oak barrels (CA chardonnays)
26
What is bulk staging
the time period between fermentation ending and bottling
27
What are reasons for bulk staging
Maintain consistency Blending Allowing flavors to mellow/mature Harmonizing flavors Manipulating the wine
28
What is a nonreactive material
Stainless steel concrete vats glass-lined tanks wood barrels lined with paraffin wax
29
What is oak aging
Bulk aging in barrels made from oak
30
What does oak aging do
adds to the complexity of wine
31
Why is oak the best type of wood for bulk aging
Physical - hard wood that is nonporous, malleable and contains tannins Available - lots of oak trees around Taste - flavors of oak or oxidation
32
What are oak flavors
Oak Cedar Pencil Shavings Sawdust Cigar box Warm vanilla notes cinnamon Cloves Nutmeg Black Pepper toasted coconut dill smoke campfire toasted bread or nuts coffee dark chocolate
33
What are oxidation flavors
usually reminiscent of caramelization caramel butterscotch honey brown sugar burnt sugar molasses
34
What is angel's share
wine lost to evaporation
35
What factors affect the strength and type of oak flavors
Length of aging - longer more New vs used oak - less flavor from used french vs american - french more baking flavors barrel size - larger less flavor level of toast - more char equals roasted coffee beans or dark chocolate
36
What is barrique
standard size wine barrel (50-60 gallons)
37
When do conditioning, clarification and blending occur
at end of bulk aging
38
What is conditioning
Acidification - adding acid to mine Sur Lie Aging - allowing wine to stay in contact with spent yeast Battonage - stirring the wine so spent yeast is suspended in wine Malolactic Fermentation - bacteria break down malic acid
39
What does malolactic fermentation do
Soften the acidity of wine and add rich, buttery flavors. Most reds and Chardonnays go through this process
40
What is clarification
Removing any cloudy or haziness from the wine
41
What are the methods of clarification
Racking Fining Filtering
42
What is racking
Drawing wine (above the sediment) from the top of the aging vessel
43
What is fining
Adding compounds to the wine that bond with suspended particles. Common options are egg whites, bentonite clay, Irish moss and gelatin.
44
What is blending
Combining batches of wine from grapes that were made using different grape varieties, vintages, winemaking practices and terroir.
45
What is bottle aging
After being placed in bottle small amount of oxygen resides in bottle. This oxidation continues to mature the flavors of the wine.
46
What wines should be aged for months
White - low acid/low alcohol (italian prosecco, portuguese Vinho Verde)
47
What wines should be aged for 1 - 3 years
White - High acid/Low alcohol (dry German Riesling or Italian Pinot Grigio) White - low acid/high alcohol (California or Australian Chardonnay) White - low acid/semisweet (Gewurztraminer) White - low acid/sweet (Moscato d'Asti) Red - low tannins, low acid, low alcohol (Beaujolais)
48
What wines should be aged for several years
White - high acid/high alcohol (White Burgundy or Alsatian Riesling or vintage Champagne) White - semisweet/high acid (German Riesling (Kabinett and spatlese) Red - low tannins, high acid, low alcohol (red burgundy, Oregon Pinot Noir)
49
What wines should be aged for decades
White - dessert with high acid (German Trockenbeerenauslese, French sauternes) Red - high tannins/high alcohol (Italian Barolo, red Bordeaux, CA Cabernet Sauvignon) Fortified dessert wine - extreme sweetness and alcohol content (madeira, vintage Port)
50
How do you speed up bottle aging
extend bulk aging stage pump pure Oxygen into wine before bottling
51
What is sparkling wine
wine with dissolved carbon dioxide
52
What are names for sparkling wine
Petillant (France) Frizzante (Italy)
53
What are methods for creating sparkling wine
Methode champenoise Charmat method transfer method force carbination
54
What is Methode champenoise
Most common method for making sparkling wine
55
What are the steps for methode champenoise
Primary fermentation - create a base wine that is dry and still Secondary fermentation - place base wine in bottle and add in liqueur de tirage (yeast and sugar mixture). Makes carbon dioxide in bottle riddling - forcing lees (dead yeast) down into neck of bottle with constant turning of the bottles Disgorgement - removal of the yeast plug
56
What is the charmat method
Primary fermentation - create a base wine that is dry and still Secondary fermentation - in pressurized steel vats this happens not the bottle bottled under pressure with no yeast plug removal necessary
57
What types of wine are made from the charmat method
Prosecco Asti Moscao d'Asti German Sekt many american sparkling wines
58
What is the difference between charmat and methode champenoise
Charmat has larger and less stable bubbles
59
what is the transfer method
Same as methode champenoise but bottles are blended together in vat and then rebottled
60
What is force carbonation
base wine put in pressurized tank and CO2 pumped into it.
61
What is a dessert wine
Wine that has >= 5 % residual sugar
62
What are the types of dessert wine
Fortified sweetened late harvest botrytised ice
63
What is fortified wine
Wine that has brandy added to it Sweet - brandy added during fermentation stopping process Dry - brandy added after fermentation
64
What is sweetened wine
Wine in which sugar (juice) has been added after fermentation is complete
65
What does late harvest mean
Wines made from grapes picked after most grapes are harvested - Gives higher than normal sugar levels in grapes
66
What does Spatlese mean
German for late harvest
67
What does Vendange Tardive mean
French for late harvest
68
What is botrytised wine
Wine made from grapes that have Botrytis cinerea mold on them - Removes water from grape and causes to have high sugar content
69
What is ice wine
Wine made from grapes that are harvested when partially frozen - usually done at night after temps below freezing

Sommelier Prep Course (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions