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I & I Part II > Viral Diagnosis > Flashcards

Viral Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Isolation and Identification of Viruses

A
  • Primary cell and cell lines cultures
  • Detection of viral growth
  • Viral identification
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2
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Immunodiagnostics (Antigen and Antibody Detection)

A
  • Agglutination / Hemagglutination
  • Neutralization
  • Enzyme linked immunoassays (ELISA)
  • Immunofluorescence
  • Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
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3
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Molecular Diagnostics

A
  • Nucleic acid probe technology
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
  • In situ hybridization
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4
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A
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5
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Isolation and Identification of Viruses: Cell Culture

A

•Cell culture: Viruses can be either cultured in the primary cells or cell lines

  • Primary cell culture: cells have normal chromosome count (diploid) and derived from initial growth of cells
  • Cell lines: Cell lines are transformed cells that can indefinitely grow in laboratory tissue culture, the chromosome counts vary (haploid or heteroploid) and the susceptibility of the virus may differ from the original.
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6
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Isolation and Identification of Viruses: Detection of Viral Growth

A

•The cytopathic effect (CPE): Alteration in cell morphology or cell death can be observed by light microscopy.

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7
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Isolation and Identification of Viruses: Viral Identification

A
  • By cultural characteristics (type of CPE produced)
  • Neutralization and serologic detection
  • Cytology and histology
  • Electron microscopy
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8
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Isolation and Identification of Viruses: Viral Identification- Serologic Detection I

A

Immunodiagnostic identification

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9
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Isolation and Identification of Viruses: Viral Identification- Serologic Detection II

A

Immunodiagnostic identification

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10
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Immunodiagnostics: Immunofluorescence

A
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11
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Immunodiagnostics: RIA, EIA, ELISA

A
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12
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Immunodiagnostics: Seroogy - ELISA

A
  • During viral infection, the host immune system responds with the formation of antibodies, which can be detected by immunodiagnostic methods.
  • The formation of antibodies and their time course depends on the antigenic stimulation provided by the infection.
  • In an acute infection, antibodies appear early in the illness and then rise sharply over the next 10-21 days.
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13
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Immunodiagnostics: Western Blot

A
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14
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Immunodiagnostics: Antigen and Antibody Detection in the Same Sample

A
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15
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Molecular Diagnostics: Nuclear Acid probes Technology

A
  • DNA and RNA probes can be used •A known fragment of DNA or RNA is labeled with radioactivity
  • DNA samples from patients analyzed on agarose gel and hybridized with the probe (Southern blot)
  • RNA samples from patients analyzed on gel and hybridized with probes (Northern blot)
  • Oligonucleotide probes can also be used
  • The homology of the DNA/RNA in the samples to the probe results in the hybridization signal
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16
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Molecular Diagnostics: PCR

A
  • Highly sensitive technique
  • The genome of the virus can be amplified
  • Used for wide range of infectious agents
  • Very useful in the confirmation of other diagnostic tests
  • Viral genome can be amplified in latent, chronic or acute infection
  • Early detection of viremia in several viral infections before the elevation of antibodies or other parameters
  • Can be employed to detect the presence of viral infection in infants born to infected mothers
17
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Molecular Diagnostics: PCR for DNA Viruses

A
  • Two oligonucleotide primers (sense and antisense)
  • Incubated with viral DNA from the sample in the presence of Taq polymerase enzyme
  • PCR performed at different temperatures and cycles
18
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Molecular Diagnostics: PCR for RNA Viruses

A
19
Q

Diagnostic Methods - Molecular Diagnostics: In Situ Hybridization

A

I & I Part II (25 decks)

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