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Microbiology > Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

List the viral causes of the viral hepatitis;

A

HAV- picorna
HBV -Hepdna
HCV- flaviviridae
HDV -Delta
HEV - Calici/herpe
HGV- flavi

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2
Q

List the other viral cause of hepatitis

Tips:4zoonotic virus: 2Neonates, 2 fevers, Nigeria had it in your jss3

A

Marburg,
Ebola
Lassa fever
CMV in neonates
Herpes simplex in neonates
Yellow fever.

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3
Q

Another name for HBV

A

Serum hepatitis B virus

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4
Q

When was HBV discoverd

A

1942, amongst soldiers

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5
Q

Who and when was Au antigen found in serum discovered

A

1965 by Blumberg

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6
Q

Who used electron microscopy to describe hepatitis B in serum

A

1970 by D.s Dane

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7
Q

Which is a small hepatotrophic DNA virus that infects only humans

A

Hepatitis B virus

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8
Q

What is the major cause of Chronic liver, hepatocellular carcinoma and polyarteritis nodosa.

A

Hepatitis B virus

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9
Q

Infection of HB can be Acute or chronic T/F

A

True

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10
Q

List the extraheptic manifestation of HBV

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa,
Arthritis
Pericarditis
Glomerulonephritis
Transient serum sickness

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11
Q

◀️◀️◀️◀️◀️INTRODUCTION

A
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12
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY▶️▶️🔜

A
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13
Q

Tips:
List it’s position in the world’s death
Mention the number of people that have it per year.
Mention it’s Antigenic cause
Mention the metrics (million)in a chronic conditions.
List the percentage distribution in a locality

A
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14
Q

What’s the position of HBV in the world death

A

9th

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15
Q

How many people have HBV in a year

A

About a million

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16
Q

How many people present with HBV chronically globally

A

350million

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17
Q

What’s the causative antigen

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSag)

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18
Q

What’s the distribution in Sub- Saharan Africa and East Asia

A

More than10% of population has it.

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19
Q

CLASSIFICATION 🔜🔜

A
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20
Q

How many subgenotype does HBV have ?

A

8

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21
Q

Which geographic location has Subtype A

Tip cAbin

A

Cameroon
Burundi
India
Norway

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22
Q

Which geographic location has Subtype B

CV…..

A

China
Vietnam
East Asia - Korea
Societal island

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23
Q

Which geographic location has Subtype C

Top: BC

A

China and Bangladesh

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24
Q

Which geographic location has Subtype D

Tips: Dinats

Study These Flashcards
A

Denmark
India
North Africa
Tunisia
Sweden

25
Which geographic location has Subtype E Tips: SwedeN
Sweden, Nigeria
26
Which geographic location has Subtype F. Tip: I failed CVS painfully then I columbi it
C- columbia V- Venezuela S- spain
27
Which geographic location has Subtype G
United States
28
Addendum to EPIDEMIOLOGY
29
What percentage of acute HBV in adults grows into chronic conditions
5%
30
What percentage of acute HSV in children grow into Chronic condition
93%
31
What are the advantage of those previously infected with HBV and cleared it completely?
It confers some kind of immunity against reoccurrence
32
What is the reason why the carrier rate of HBsAg in this part of the world is in the increase?
This is because of it's Perinatal transmission
33
RISK FACTORs🔜🔜
34
List the risk factors of HSV
Blood transfusion Through needles/syringes Tattooing Perinatal Multiple sexual partners
35
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
36
List the mode of transmission of HBV
▶️ Sexual transmission; having multiple sexual partners Risk is 30% ◀️ Parenteral transmission; through IV; seen in patients having Hemophilia, renal dialysis,organ transplant. Risk is 5% ▶️ unknown mode of transmission; 27%
37
Why does perinatal hepatitis happen
This is due to the absence of exposure prophylaxis to mother's before delivery, so they transmit to child
38
Rate the percentage of infectiveness and chronicity ,when mother has positive HBsAg and HBeAg
70-90% are infected 90% becomes chronic carries... This is because of the replicating and infective power of HBeAg
39
What is the percentage of infectiveness and chronicity when mother has positive HBsAg
<10% of infant is infected But 90% of infected infants are chronic carriers
40
REPLICATION
41
CLINICAL FEATURES 🔜🔜
42
What is the incubation period of HBV
120days on an average 45-160days
43
Which age group in children are likely to have jaundice and in what percentage
>5yrs Percentage: 30-50%
44
Which age group in children are not likely to have jaundice and in what percentage
<5yrs Percentage= <10%
45
At what percentage does acute phase lead to death
0.5-1%
46
Using the age 5 yrs as a middle man which age is likely to have chronic infection and their percentage?
<5yrs 25-90%
47
Using the age 5 yrs as a middle man which age is not likely to have chronic infection and their percentage?
> 5yrs 6-10%
48
What percentage of premature mortality can be gotten from chronic liver disease
15-25%
49
List the clinical presentation of HBV
Prodrome: fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Jaundice may occur but Anicteric hepatitis is more common i.e hepatitis without jaundice. Chronic infection complications; Liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma
50
What are the features of Acute phase HBV
It is a new infection Symptoms are more common in adults Children are symptomatic Infection resolves in someone in immunity Infection can persist and continues into chronic phase
51
What are the features of Chronic HBV infection
Individual carry it for more than 6months Virus doesn't develop anti- HBsAg It's a silent infection Affects children more commonly
52
What is the most common symptom of active carrier state in pts with HBV
Fatigue
53
In inactive carrier state what amount of DNA copies are seen per mililiter
0-30,000copies
54
GOALS OF ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HBV
55
List the targets of sustained suppression of HBV replication
To reduce the HBV DNA serum level to. <10^5 To clear HBeAg to Anti-HBE seroconversion To clear HBSAg to Anti-HBs seroconversion
56
List the targets of Remission of liver disease
To reduce serum ALT levels To reduce serum Alkaline phosphatase levels To decrease necroinflammation of the liver
57
List the goals target to improve clinical outcomes
To reduce cirrhosis development To reduce liver failure To reduce hepatocellular carcinoma To increase survival
58
TREATMENT
59
List the approved drugs for HBV treatment
Interferon alpha2b Peginterforn alpha 2a Telbivudine Lamivudine Entecavir Adefovir Tenofovir DF Emtricitabine/ tenofovir combination.

Microbiology (12 decks)

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