Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Y1 GI > Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

(42 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the 5 hepatitis viruses

A 
Hep A
Hep B 
Hep C 
Hep D
Hep E
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Transmission of Hep A

A 
grows in liver 
excreted down via bile ducts into gut 
spreads faecal-orally 
facilitated by poor hygiene and overcrowding 
Some clusters in gay men and IVDUs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical presentation of Hep A

A

Acute hepatitis - no chronic infection
Lasts days/weeks
Peak incidence of symptomatic disease is in older children/young adults
if infected in early childhood there are no symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Investigations for Hep A

A

Lab confirmation
clotted blood for serology
looking for Hep A IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to reduce HepA outbreaks

A

Improve hygiene
reduce overcrowding
vaccine prophylaxis - given to those at greater risk, those travelling etc, gay men, and injecting drug users

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which hepatitis viruses are common in UK

A

Hep E
More common in tropics
More common than hep A in UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Hep E present

A

Like Hep A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is Hep E transmitted

A

faecal orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What animal does hep E come from

A

Pigs

zoonoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What Hep E genotypes are associated with severe disease in pregnant women

A

tropical genotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who gets chronic Hep E infections

A

those who are immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What virus do those with Hep D have

A

Hepatitis B virus
Makes the Hep B virus worse
Parasite of a parasite
rare in Scotland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is Hepatitis B transmitted

A

Sex
Mother to child at delivery
Blood to blood contact (sharing needles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who gets chronic hep B infections

A

those who have first exposure in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is at greater risk in the of getting Hep B

A

Those born in areas of high prevalence
Those with multiple sexual partners
People who inject drugs
Children of infected mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which hepatitis vaccine is given in early childhood in UK

A

Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Investigations for Hep B

Study These Flashcards
A

Lab confirmation
Hep B surface antigen (HBsAG) present in blood of all infectious individuals
Hep B virus DNA also present in highly infectious individuals
Hep B DNA tests also used to predict risk of chronic liver disease
Hep B IgM present in those recently infected
Hep B antibodies present in blood after infection

18
Q

What is the definition of a chronic Hep B infection

Study These Flashcards
A

HBsAG in blood for more than 6 months

19
Q

How can you control Hep B

Study These Flashcards
A 
Minimise exposure 
-safe blood 
-safe sex 
-safe needle exchange 
-prevention of needle sticks 
-screening of pregnant women 
Give immunisation 
-all children born since 2007 vaccinated 
-vaccination of all at risk older children and adults 
Post-exposure prophylaxis 
-vaccine 
-plus HBIG (hyperimmune Hep B immuonglobin)
20
Q

Hepatitis C has a vaccine true/false

Study These Flashcards
A

False

no vaccine available as it is a diverse collection of viruses

21
Q

How is Hep C transmitted

Study These Flashcards
A

same as Hep B
sex
blood
mother to child

22
Q

What happens when injected with Hep A

Study These Flashcards
A

Infection

  • asymptomatic
  • acute hepatitis - can lead to chronic infection
  • acute liver failure (rare) - causes death
23
Q

What happens in chronic infection of Hep A

Study These Flashcards
A
  • chronic hepatitis
  • cirrhosis
  • chronic liver failure - death
  • OR cancer - death
24
Q

Can Hep B be spontaneously cured

Study These Flashcards
A

YES even after many years of infection

25
Can hep C be spontaneously cured
NO
26
How long does it take from infection to cirrhosis
>20 years | patient usually asymptomatic
27
Time from infection to hepatocellular carcinoma
>30 years | patient usually asymptomatic
28
What happens after a hep C infection
Most people asymptomatic which leads to resolution (25%) or chronic infection (75%)
29
What happens after Hep B infection
mostly asymptomatic mainly leads to resolution less than 5% get chronic infection
30
Which hepatitis is 'mild'
Hep E
31
Tests for Hep C
Antibody test If positive either past or active infection of Hep C If positive test for Hep C RNA by PCR - positive is active infection
32
How to control hepatitis C
Minimise exposure | No vaccine
33
How to manage acute viral hepatitis
Symptomatic No antivirals given Monitor for encephalopathy Monitor for resolution Notify public health Immunise contacts if a vaccine (hep A & B) Test and vaccinate against other infections
34
Management of chronic viral hepatitis
Antivirals -12 for C -6 for B -Genotype of hep C us important in deciding which antiviral Vaccination -against other hep -influenza and pneumococcal in cirrhotic Infection control Reduce alcohol intake Hepatocellular carcinoma awareness/screening -AFP
35
Issues with antiviral treatment of chronic viral hepatitis
For hep C must know genotype of virus For hep B must know hep B DNA and surface antigen present Prioritise patients at greatest risk of complications -evidence of inflammation/fibrosis -do non-invasive tests of fibrosis (fbroscan) -biochem evidence of inflammation (increase ALT)
36
Higher HBV DNA starting load the lower the risk of developing cancer true/false
false | higher risk of developing cancer
37
What is interferon alfa and what hep is it still used for
``` Used for B Protein produced by human cells- part of innate response Given by injection as peg interferon Complex mode of action - immune adjacent - helps along the immune system Many side effects -flu like symptoms -thyroid disease -autoimmune disease -psychiatric disease ```
38
Therapy for chronic Hep B
option 1 - suppressive antiviral - safer but suppression not cure option 2 - peg interferon alone - cure but bad side effects
39
What are the aims/benefits of chronic hep B therapy
reduction in HBV DNA (suppression) loss of HBeAg (more suppression) loss of HBsAg(cure)
40
aims/benefits of chronic Hep C therapy
Loss of HCV RNA in blood sustained to 6 months after end of therapy virological cure Sustained virological response
41
Benchmark aim for Hep C therapy
>90% sustained virological response
42
How long to you treat chronic hep C to cure it
12 weeks

Y1 GI (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions