viral infections of the skin (7)

Question 1

where do exogenous infections come from?

Answer 1

• Infection at the site of the lesion
• Breaks in skin integrity: cuts, insect bites, pimples
• Or on mucus membranes

Question 2

where do endogenous infections come from?

Answer 2

• Disseminated infection
• Spread through blood (viremia) or lymph
• Reactivation from latency: herpes virus (Neurons, lymphocytes)

Question 3

dfine exanthem

Answer 3

an eruptive disease, infectious rash

Question 4

define popular

Answer 4

raised discolored patch

Question 5

if a rash is a dermatitis, is it infectious?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

define umbilicated. give an example of a rash that is umbilicated

Answer 6

dimple in the center of the postule

molluscum contagiousum

Question 7

describe the characteristics of the Herpes simplex virus

Answer 7

large, enveloped DNA virus

8 diff species

Question 8

what is the treatment for the primary HSV-1 infection?

Answer 8

antivirals

oral acyclovir or derivative

Question 9

what is the name of a the recurrent HSV1 infection?

Answer 9

herpes labialis (cold sores)

Question 10

what will trigger herpes labialis?

Answer 10

fever, UV, exposures, hormones, stress, physical trauma

Question 11

what can you do for treatment of recurrent HSV1 infections

Answer 11

can put someone on an antiviral daily, or they can take it when they feel the cold sore coming on

Question 12

what is herpetic whitlos

Answer 12

primary HSV1 or HSV2 infection of non mucosal sites acquired by direct contact

Question 13

what population of ppl is herpetic whitlos infection seen on?

Answer 13

used to be seen on dentists and dental hygienist, not any more bc gloves but can be seen on wrestlers

Question 14

what is the treatment for herpetic whitlos?

Answer 14

acyclovir and derivatives

Question 15

describe the rash seen in HSV2 primary infection

Answer 15

Extensive vesicular, pustular or erythematous lesions on penis, labia, anus

Question 16

describe the prodrome phase of recurrent genital herpes

Answer 16

itching, tingling at site of lesion before outbreak

Question 17

where does HSV3 (varicella zoster) infections take latency?

Answer 17

dorsal root ganglia

Question 18

how is varicella transmitted?

Answer 18

aerosol

Question 19

describe the rash in varicella

Answer 19

“dew drops on rose petals”. Few to hundreds on face and trunk
Lesions are itchy, vesicular from scabs that may scar

Question 20

can you transmit zoster?

Answer 20

no, you would give a naive person varicella

Question 21

describe the rash in shingles

Answer 21

Vesicular lesions are extremely painful and pruritic

Question 22

list some of the complications of shingles

Answer 22

keratitis, retinitis, bell’s palsy, postherpetic neuralgia

Question 23

what is the name of the vaccine for varicella? who should get it

Answer 23

varivax.

ppl age 1-60

Question 24

what is the vaccine for zoster? who should get it

Answer 24

zostavax

greater than 50

Question 25

what cells does EBV infect? what disease does it cause

Answer 25

infects B cells | mononucleosis

Question 26

in immunosupressed, how can recurrent EBV infection present? describe this infection

Answer 26

oral hairy leukoplakia epithelial overgrowth Nonpainful hairy or feathery lesions on the tongue or buccal mucosa

Question 27

what are 2 major differences between EBV and CMV

Answer 27

EBV: sore throat CMV: petechial rash

Question 28

what herpes viruses cause roseola? what cells are infected?

Answer 28

HHV6b and HHV7 infects CD4 T cells

Question 29

how is roseola transmitted

Answer 29

by salvia. RASH IS NOT CONTAGIOUS

Question 30

what can often happen when a child comes into the doc office with roseola?

Answer 30

many infants mistakenly given antibodies for suspected infection then the rash a few days after fever is attributed to drug allergy

Question 31

what herpes virus causes kaposi sarcoma? what cells is it found in

Answer 31

HHV8 found in B cells and endothelial cells

Question 32

describe the coxsacki virus

Answer 32

Small, naked, positive strand, ssRNA virus, enterovrius related to poliovirus

Question 33

what are the 2 skin manifestations of coxsakie virus? explain both

Answer 33

1. Herpangina- Throat infection causes red-ringed blisters and ulcers on the tonsils and soft palate “painful red blisters in the mouth” 2. Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis-Begins as eye pain, then red, watery eyes with swelling, light sensitivity and blurred virus

Question 34

what is the common name for the coxsacki virus? why is it called this?

Answer 34

hand foot and mouth disease | -painful red blisters in the throat, tongue, gums, hard palate, inside the cheeks and palms of hands and soles

Question 35

how is coxsacki spread?

Answer 35

- Spread on hands and surfaces, contaminated feces and salvia - also aerosol spread from sneezes and coughs

Question 36

describe the HPV virus

Answer 36

Small naked DNA virus

Question 37

T/F: there will be inflammation associated with the HPV rash

Answer 37

NO. warts are NOT red because there is no inflammation

Question 38

describe the poxvirus in molluscum contagiosum

Answer 38

large enveloped DNA virus

Question 39

describe the rash in molluscum contagiosum

Answer 39

Lesions are pearly, flesh colored, raised and umbilicated (due to a small collapse in the vesicle)

Question 40

what is the virus in small pox?

Answer 40

variola virus

Question 41

what children should not get the small pox vaccine?

Answer 41

kids with eczema! and kids that are immunosuppresed (necrosum or gangrenosum)-the immunosuppresed kids will die

Question 42

describe the measles virus

Answer 42

Paramyxovirus, enveloped, negative strand RNA

Question 43

describe the spots seen in measles. are they contagious?

Answer 43

Koplik’s spots: small red spots with bluish centers on the buccal mucosa this rash is NOT contagious!! the virus is spread by respiratory spread during times of aymptomatcy

Question 44

describe the virus in rubella

Answer 44

Togavirus, enveloped, positive strand RNA

Question 45

what will the presenting signs of rubella be?

Answer 45

Will see maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralagia

Question 46

is the rubella rash contagious?

Answer 46

NO! it is spread via respiratory droplets