Zoonoses (5)

Question 1

What is a zoonosis?

Answer 1

disease and infection naturally transmitted btwn animals and humans

Question 2

What is bacillus anthracis’s vector?

Answer 2

none

Question 3

What type of bacteria is bacillus anthracis?

Answer 3

gram + rod

Question 4

What is the main reservoir for bacillus anthracis?

Answer 4

cows

Question 5

What are the three types of diseases that occur with bacillus anthracis?

Answer 5

1. cutaneous - eschars
2. inhalational
3. GI

Question 6

What is the vector for tularemia?

Answer 6

ticks, mosquitoes, deer flies

Question 7

What is the reservoir for tularemia ?

Answer 7

most commonly rabbits

Question 8

what type of bacteria is tularemia?

Answer 8

gram negative rod

Question 9

What are the 5 disease manifestations of tularemia?

Answer 9

1. ulceroglandular - most common
   - ulcer and swelling of regional LNs
2. glandular - similar but w/o ulcer
3. oculoglandular - bacteria enter the eye
   - eye irritation and swollen axillary LNs
4. oropharyngeal - eating or drinking contaminated food/water
   - sore throat, ulcers, swelling of glands
5. pneumonic - most serious form
   - cough, chest pain, SOB
   - breathing dusts of dead organism - lawn mower

Question 10

What type of organism is brucella?

Answer 10

gram negative bacillus

Question 11

What is the vector for brucella?

Answer 11

none

Question 12

What are the three methods of transmission for brucella and what setting is it commonly associated with?

Answer 12

-farm animals

1. contact with conjunctiva or broken skin
2. ingestion of raw milk, undercooked meat
3. inhalation of aerosoles - pens, stables

Question 13

What is the main characteristic of brucella infection?

Answer 13

cyclical fever

Question 14

Brucella infection can affect many organs, which organ is associated with the most common cause of death from brucella?

Answer 14

heart –>endocarditis

Question 15

If brucella affects the GU system what occurs?

Answer 15

orchitis and epidymitis

Question 16

What is the reservoir and vector for yersinia pestis?

Answer 16

reservoir: rat
vector: flea

Question 17

What type of bacteria is yersinia pestis?

Answer 17

gram negative

Question 18

What are the three disease manifestations of yersinia pestis?

Answer 18

1. bubonic plague - most common
   - rapid fever, painful LNs
2. pneumonic
   - high fever, pneumonia, chills
3. septicemic
   - fever, hemorrhagic thrombotic, acral gangrene

Question 19

What is the other name for infection with bartonella henselae?

Answer 19

“cat scratch disease”

Question 20

What are the reservoir and vectors for bartonella?

Answer 20

reservoir: cats
vectors: fleas and ticks

Question 21

What are the usual symptoms of infection with bartonella?

Answer 21

1, fever, enlarged LNs

2. pustule at inocculation site

Question 22

What are the unusual symptoms of infection with bartonella?

Answer 22

• granulomatous conjunctivitis
• neuroretinitis
• atypical pneumonia
• endocarditis

Question 23

How does bartonella manifest in an immunocompromised patient?

Answer 23

• bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatitis
• pustules that hang off
• disseminated infection

Question 24

What is the most common pathogen associated with the following:

1. dog bites
2. cat bites

Answer 24

1. capnocytophaga canimorsus

2. pasteurella multocida

Question 25

Why do cat bites more commonly result in septic infection?

Answer 25

teeth penetrate deeper

Question 26

What are the symptoms of infection with pasteurella?

Answer 26

-cellulitis or abscesses +/- bacteremia if bacteremia: - pneumonia and endocarditis can occur - metastatic seeding of internal organs - meningitis - rare

Question 27

Who is likely to get meningitis from pasteurella?

Answer 27

elderly and kids

Question 28

What type of bacteria is canocytophaga canimorsus?

Answer 28

facultative anaerobic gram neg rod

Question 29

Who is likely to get a severe infection from canocytophaga canimorsus?

Answer 29

alcoholics or asplenic patients

Question 30

What type of bacteria is leptospirosis?

Answer 30

spirochete

Question 31

What is the reservoir for leptospirosis?

Answer 31

pets and livestock

Question 32

What is the most likely way for humans to contract leptospirosis?

Answer 32

contaminated water supply

Question 33

What are the two disease manifestations of leptospirosis?

Answer 33

1. anicteric - acute sepsis, break and then mild organ symptoms 2. icteric - acute sepsis, little or no break, major organ failures

Question 34

Both the icteric and anicteric forms of leptospirosis infection have what common symptom?

Answer 34

conjunctival subfusion - redness w/o exudate

Question 35

How is leptospirosis infection confirmed?

Answer 35

darkfield microscopy NOT gram stain

Question 36

Treatment of leptospirosis is unique because what can occur as a result of the antibiotics?

Answer 36

jarish-herxheimer reaction

Question 37

Are there any vaccines for leptospirosis?

Answer 37

not in the US, but foreign countries have it for local serovars