Virgil full text

Question 1

urbs antiqua fuit, (Tyrii tenuere coloni), Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque

Answer 1

There was an ancient city, Carthage, (the Tyrans occupied it as settlers), opposite Italy and the mouth of the Tiber

Analysis:
urbs […] Karthago, Italiam (city […] Carthage, Italy) - Karthago emphatically placed next to Italiam to put them against each other (foreshadowing)

Question 2

long ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli;

Answer 2

at a distance, rich in resource and very fierce in the eagerness for war;

Analysis:
dives opum (rich in resource) - pleonasm for emphasis

asperrima (fierce/formidable) - makes them seem stronger, emphasises impressive Roman victory

Question 3

quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam posthabita coluisse Samo;

Answer 3

Juno is said to have nurtured this one place more than all other lands, with even Samos being neglected;

Analysis:
Samos - place of Juno’s birth, place of Juno’s marriage, place of Juno’s temple

Question 4

hic illius arma, hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque.

Answer 4

Here were her arms, here were her chariots. Already at that time the goddess was intending and supporting this to be a kingdom for all people, if the fates would allow it.

Question 5

progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces;

Answer 5

But in fact, she had heard that a race of people was being born from Trojan blood who would one day overturn the Tyrian citadels;

Question 6

hinc populum late regem belloque superbum venturum excidio Libyae: sic volvere Parcas.

Answer 6

that from here a population, ruling from far and wide and proud on war would come to destroy Libya; and that in this way the Fates were spinning all this.

Question 7

id metuens, veterisque memor Saturnia belli, prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis

Answer 7

The daughter of Saturn, fearing this, and mindful of the old war which, as a leader figure, she had waged on Troy for her dear Argos

Question 8

necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores exciderant animo:

Answer 8

also, the reasons for her anger and cruel griefs had not yet left her heart:

Question 9

manet alta mente repostum iudicim Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae, et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores.

Answer 9

the judgement of Paris remained stored up deep in her mind and the injustice of her rejected beauty and the hated race and the honours of the stolen Ganymede.

Question 10

his accensa super, iactatos aequore toto Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli, arcebat longe Latio;

Answer 10

Enraged by these things, she was keeping the Trojans far away from Latium, who had been thrown about over the whole sea and who were the remnants of the Greeks and of harsh Achilles;

Question 11

multosque per annos errabant acti fatis maria omnia circum.

Answer 11

they were wandering for many years, driven by the fates around all the seas.

Question 12

tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem!

Answer 12

To found the Roman race was such a great task!

Question 13

vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum vela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant,

Answer 13

Barely out of the sight of Sicily, they were happily unfurling their sails into the deep, and they were churning up the salty sea with the bronze prow,

Question 14

cum Iuno, aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus

Answer 14

When Juno, nursing her everlasting wound deep in her heart

Question 15

haec secum: ‘mene incepto desistere victam nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem?

Answer 15

thought these things to herself: ‘Who could believe that I, defeated, am stopping what I started? And that I am not able to avert the King of Trojans from Italy?

Question 16

quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exerure classem Argivum atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto, unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei?

Answer 16

Of course I am forbidden by the fates. Was Pallas able to burn up the fleet of Argives and submerge their very selves under the sea because of the harm and mad lust of one man, Ajax, son of Oileus?

Question 17

ipsa, Iovis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem, disiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis,

Answer 17

She herself, having hurled from the clouds the consuming fire of Jupiter, scattered their ships and upturned the sea with winds,

Question 18

illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto.

Answer 18

she seized that man with a whirlwind as he was breathing out from his pierced chest and she impaled him on a sharp rock.

Question 19

ast ego, quae divum incedo regina, Iovisque et soror et coniunx,

Answer 19

But I, who goes forth as queen of the gods and as both the sister and wife of Jupiter,

Question 20

una cum gente tot annos bella gero!

Answer 20

have been waging war against one race for so many years!

Question 21

et quisquam numen Iuonis adorat praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?

Answer 21

And furthermore, does anyone worship the divine power of Juno, or will anyone as a suppliant place a sacrifice on my altars?’

Question 22

talia flammato secum dea corde volutans nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris, Aeoliam venit.

Answer 22

The goddess, pondering these things to herself in her burning heart, she came into Aeolia, the homeland of the clouds, a region full of raging southern winds.

Question 23

hic vasto rex Aeolus antro luntantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat.

Answer 23

Here, King Aeolus, from his vast cave, contains the struggling winds, and roaring storms with his power and reins them in with the chains of imprisonment.

Question 24

illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt;

Answer 24

Those frustrated winds roar with a great rumble around the barriers of the mountain.

Question 25

celsa sedet Aeolus arce sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras.

Answer 25

Aelous sits in his lofty citadel, holding his staff, he softens their hearts and restrains their anger.

Question 26

ni faciat, maria ac terra caelumque profundum quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.

Answer 26

If he weren't to do this, they would violently carry with them the seas and the lands and the deep sky and they would sweep them through the air.

Question 27

sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris.

Answer 27

But the almight father hid them in a dark cave.

Question 28

hoc metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos imposuit,

Answer 28

Fearing this, he placed upon them a mass of mountains,

Question 29

regemque dedit, qui foedere certo et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.

Answer 29

and he gave them a king, who under orders with fixed rules would know how to both tighten and give slack to the reins.

Question 30

ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est: 'Aeole, namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento,

Answer 30

Then Juno, as a suppliant, appealed to him with these words: 'Aeolus, because the father of the gods and king of men has given to you the power to both soothe the waves and raise them up with the wind.

Question 31

gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor, Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates:

Answer 31

A people that are my enemy are sailing the Tyrrhenian sea, bringing Troy into Italy, and their conquered household gods.

Question 32

incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, aut age diversos et disiice corpora ponto

Answer 32

Cast you strength with the winds and overwhelm their sunken ships, or drive them in different directions and scatter their bodies in the sea

Question 33

sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae, quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea

Answer 33

I have 14 nymphs with outstanding physical beauty of whom Deiopea, who is the most attractive in beauty

Question 34

conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo, omnes ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem

Answer 34

I shall join (with you) in a lasting marriage and I shall proclaim her your own. So that she may spend all the years with you for such services, and that she may make you a parent with beautiful offspring

Question 35

Aeolus haec contra: 'tuus, o regina, quid optes explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est.

Answer 35

Aeolus said this in reply: 'O queen, it is your task to search for what you wish for; it is right for me to carry out your orders.

Question 36

tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque concilias,

Answer 36

You have procured for me something of a kingdom like this, my sceptre, and Jupiter's favour;

Question 37

tu das epulis accumbere divum, nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.'

Answer 37

you have allowed me to recline at the feasts of the gods and you have made me powerful over the clouds and the storms.

Question 38

haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto, qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.

Answer 38

When these words had been spoken, he turned his spear over, and drove it into the side of the hollow mountain and the winds, just in military formation, where a gateway was granted, rushed out and blew all over the lands in a whirlwind.

Question 39

incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.

Answer 39

They crashed down on the sea, all together churned up the whole sea from the bottom most depths; and they rolled vast waves to the shoreline

Question 40

insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum. eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque Teucrorum ex oculis;

Answer 40

There followed both the shouting of men and the screeching of ropes. Suddenly, the clouds snatched both the sky and the day from the eyes of the Trojans.

Question 41

ponto nox incubat atra. intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.

Answer 41

The black night brooded upon the sea. The skies thundered and the air flashed with frequent flames, and everything threatened imminent death for the men.

Question 42

extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra: ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas talia voce refert:

Answer 42

At once, the limbs of Aeneas became weak with cold; he groaned, and stretching out both his palms to the stars, he answered with such words:

Question 43

'o terque quaterque beati, quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis contigit oppetere! o Daunaum fortissime gentis Tydide!

Answer 43

'O thrice and four times blessed, those who happened to perish under the high walls of Troy, before the faces of their fathers! O Diomedes, the bravest of the Greek people!

Question 44

mene Iliacis occumbere campis non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,

Answer 44

Could I have not fallen dying on the plains of Troy, and poured out this soul by your right hand;

Question 45

saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?

Answer 45

where fierce Hector lies by the weapon of Achilles; where huge Sarpedon lies, where the river Simois seized so many shields of men, and helmets, and brave bodies, and rolled them under its waves

Question 46

talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella velum adversa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit.

Answer 46

As Aeneas cried out such words, a howling squall from the North wind struck his sail head on, and raised the waves to the stars.

Question 47

franguntur remi; tum prora avertit, et undis dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons.

Answer 47

The oars were broken; then the prow lurched round, and gave its side to the waters; there followed a massive, sheer mountain of water.

Question 48

hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis.

Answer 48

Some men were hanging on the top of the wave; for others the gaping waters opened up the seabed between the waves; the swell was raging with the sands.

Question 49

tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet- saxa vocant Itali mediis quae in fluctibus Aras - dorsum immane mari summo;

Answer 49

The South wind snatched up three ships and flung them with force onto the rocks that lay hidden - the Italians call the rocks, which are in the middle of the waves, the 'Altars' - a huge ridge just below the surface of the sea;

Question 50

tris Eurus ab alto in brevia et syrtis urget, miserabile visu, inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae.

Answer 50

the East wind drove three more ships from the deep sea on to the shallows and sandy flats - a wretched sight - and it hurled on the shoals and surrounded them with a mound of sand.

Question 51

unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten, ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus in puppim ferit:

Answer 51

The huge waters, from its peak, on the stern struck on ship, which was carrying the Lycians and the loyal Orontes, before the eyes of Aeneas himself.

Question 52

excutitur pronusque magister volvitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vertex.

Answer 52

The helmsman was shaken out and was hurled straight down headfirst. And the wave spun round that ship thrice in that very place, driving it round and the devouring whirlpool swallowed it up in the sea.

Question 53

apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto, arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas.

Answer 53

Swimmers scattered in the vast abyss appeared. Amongst the waves there were weapons of men, plants and the treasure of Troy.

Question 54

iam validam Ilionei navem, iam fortis Achati, et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, vicit hiems;

Answer 54

Now the storm conquered the strong ship of Illioneus, now the ship of the brave Achates and the one in which Abas was carried, and the one in which aged Aletes was.

Question 55

laxis laterum compagibus omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt.

Answer 55

And with the joints of their sides loosened, all of them took in a hostile torrent, and split open with cracks.