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SS - Exam 2 > Virology 1 - Companion Animal > Flashcards

Virology 1 - Companion Animal Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Infection vs disease

A

Best diagnostic test varies based on question asked

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2
Q

Organism ID without lesions

A

Infection

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3
Q

Organism ID + lesion

A

Disease (clinical or sub clin)

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4
Q

Organism ID + lesion + clinical signs

A

Clinical disease

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5
Q

Serology

A

Gives history (antibody) of exposure but nothing on current disease status
- thus why we dont often vaccinate for high problem viruses

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6
Q

Neurotrophic viruses

A

RABIES on differential list for ALL species

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7
Q

Neurotrophic viruses in dogs

A

Canine distemper virus
Canine herpes virus ( encephalitis in puppies <6wks)

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8
Q

Neurotrophic viruses in cats

A

Feline infectious peritonitis virus
Feline immunodecifiency virus
Feline leukemia virus (myelitis)
Feline panleukopenia virus (cerebellar hypoplasia)

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9
Q

neurotrophic viruses in horses

A

Equine herpes virus 1* risk base vaccine
West Nile virus
Equine togavirus (EEE, WEE, VEE)
Equine infectious anemia virus (rarely neurotrophic)

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10
Q

Ataxia localization

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Seizure localization

A

Cerebrum

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12
Q

Canine distemper virus

A

Paramyxovirus
Highly contagious
Infects dogs but multiple wildlife species
Infects many cell types
Affects many systems
Produces intracytoplasmic & intranuclear inclusion bodies
3-6 months of age when maternal antibodies decline

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13
Q

Cell types infected by distemper

A

Epithelial, lymphoid, oligodendroglial cells

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14
Q

Systems affected by distemper

A

Skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary tracts, brain

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15
Q

Lesions produced by distemper

A

Intra cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies

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16
Q

Distemper pathogenesis

A

Virus travels to CNS by infected lymphocytes, monocytes & platelets
Spreads to CSF
Lesions in brain include inflammation & demyelination

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17
Q

Progression of demyelination

A

Lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing
Demyelination may progress to necrosis & infiltration by gitter cells

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18
Q

Clinical signs for distemper

A

Acute disease with recovery = lifelong immunity or neurological disease & death
Leukopenia
Diarrhea, vomiting
Conjunctivitis, nasal discharge
Coughing
Hardening of nose & footpads

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19
Q

Diagnosing distemper

A

PCR or virus isolation
White matter vacuolization (from demyelination)
Intranuclear inclusions are found in cerebellum (found everywhere)

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20
Q

Rabies virus

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A

Rhabdovirus
Infects nervous system of ALL mammals/humans
Infection is invariably fatal
Endemic of all continents except Australia & Antarctica

21
Q

How rabies population is maintained

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A

Maintained & passed in wildlife
Urban rabies in dogs = 95% of all human cases
Sylvatic rabies is maintained in raccoons, skunks, bats, foxes

22
Q

Transmission of rabies

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A

Contact of salvia from infected animal
Incubation period depends on location of bite, size, immune status & strain (up to 6 months)

23
Q

Clinical course of rabies

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A

Clinical course is short, once onset only last a few days to a few weeks
Clinical signs range from excitation to depression
Definitive diagnosis is only available post-mortem

24
Q

Rabies pathogenesis

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A

Virus passes to axon terminals of motor neurons & sensory axon terminals
Virus moves by retrograde a o plastic flow to neurons in the CNS
Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Negri bodies) in neurons

25
Cells with inclusion bodies for rabies
Neuronal cells
26
Differentiating between CDV & Rabies
Age of onset Course of neurological signs Presence of other clinical signs Progression of disease Laboratory diagnosis
27
FIP
Feline infectious peritonitis AKA feline coronavirus replicated in interstitial epithelium Enteritis in young kittens is possible
28
FIP mechanism
Has a tropism for macrophages Infection is invariably fatal PCR is available but wont differentiate between FCoV and FIP
29
FIP disease
Disease is sporadic & common in large cat populations Cats <1 year are most susceptible Virus is shed in feces Transmission is ingestion /inhalation Age, immune status, genetics of host, virulence of strain play a role
30
Dry form of FIP
Associated w moderate cell-mediated immunity Considered a chronic form Pyogranulomatous vasculitis in all organs including eye & brain Clinical signs depend on organs most severely affected
31
Wet form of FIP
Associated with weak cell-mediated immunity Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, thorax and lateral ventricles Fibrinous pleuritis, peritonitis, pericarditis Cats present w breathing difficulties or distended abdomen
32
Immune complex disease
Feature of FIP meaning: If animals has immunity it will survive even if they get sick If they lack immunity or have poor immunity, prognosis is worse
33
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Lentivirus (retrovirus) 1.5-3% of healthy cats in US are infected Transmitted via bites (^^ in free range male cats) Can be transmitted transplacental or in milk
34
FIV pathogenesis
Virus is picked up from bite wound by dendritic cells & carried to lymph nodes Virus infects T lymphocytes & replicates Spreads to other lymph nodes (fever, non specific neuro) Could present clinically normal or immunodeficient
35
Clinical disease of FIV
Recurrent infection of skin, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary bladder persistent fever, gingivitis, stomatitis Meningoencephalitis or encephalitis w seizures or behavioral changes Diagnose by ELISA (for antibody) or PCR (viral RNA)
36
Differentiating between rabies, FIP & FIV
Age of onset Course of neurologic signs Presence of other clinical signs Progression of disease Lab diagnosis - FIV snap test
37
Equine herpes virus 1
Alphaherpesvirinae 3 strains - EHV1 D752, N752, H752 D752 - respiratory /reproductive/neurologic N752 - respiratory & reproductive only
38
Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy
Typically with D752 strain Commonly follows outbreak of respiratory disease or abortion on farm Neurologic form is reportable
39
diagnosing /signs of EHM
Vasculitis, necrosis, hemorrhage of SC/brain PCR on nasal swaps = shed when neurologic PCR can differentiate between D and N but not H
40
Arthropod borne viruses
Flavaivirus - West Nile virus Togaviridae - eastern/western encephalitis - Venezuelan equine encephalitis
41
West Nile virus
Flavivirus Mosquito borne Infects horses, humans, birds Transmission cycle is between birds/mosquitos Main signs are primarily neurologic
42
EEE
Eastern equine encephalitis Togovirus (alphavirus) Mosquito borne, incubation period is 4-10 days
43
EEE mechanism
Virus travels to lymph node & replicates in macrophages & neutrophils Death occurs 3-4 days after onset of neurologic sings Mortality rate is 70-90%
44
WEE
Western equine encephalitis Alphavirus - seen west of Mississippi Milder than EEE, mortality 15-20% rate Mosquito borne
45
Diagnosing WEE
Arboviral encephalitides by IgM ELISA on serum, PCR or IHC on brain /spinal cord Killed vaccines are available(core)
46
Differentiating among all EQ viruses
Course of neurologic signs Presence of other clinical signs Time of year Presence of similar disease in other animals Laboratory diagnosis
47
Core vaccines for horses
48
Core vaccines for cats
49
Core vaccines for dogs

SS - Exam 2 (18 decks)

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