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SS - Exam 2 > Behavior Modifying Drugs > Flashcards

Behavior Modifying Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs used in small animals

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

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2
Q

Drugs in small and large animals

A

SSRI
SARI
Calcium channel blockers
Alpha 2 agonists
Benzodiazepines

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3
Q

MAOIs

A

Monoamine oxidase
Membrane w multiple action - mitochondrial membrane
MAO- A - in GIT, breaks down amines from food/med
MAO - B- in CNS, break down monoamines

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4
Q

Selegiline

A

MAOIs
Selective for MAO-B - Neuro protective
- breaks down free radicals
- increases astrocyte action
Use for Canine cognitive dysfunction - k9

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5
Q

Selegiline mechanism

A

Metabolized into L-amphetamine
Detected 2 hours post pill
Improve sleeping patterns activity level, spatial memory
Improvement takes 4 weeks up to 2 months

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6
Q

AE of Selegiline

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, restless, anorexia
Increased stereotypic behavior at high doses

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7
Q

Combo Y/N therapy with Selegiline

A

Combo Y: benzodiazepines, antioxidant supplements, anticonvulsants, melatonin
Combo N within 2 weeks : TCAs, SSRI - severe adverse effects
Fluoxetine or reconcile (5w washout)
Combo N: other MAOIs, meperidine, alpha2 agonist

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8
Q

X combo within two weeks with Selegiline

A

Combo N within 2 weeks : TCAs, SSRI - severe adverse effects
Fluoxetine or reconcile (5w washout)

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9
Q

Drugs for combo therapy with Selegiline

A

Combo Y: benzodiazepines, antioxidant supplements, anticonvulsants, melatonin

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10
Q

Do not combine ever with Selegiline

A

Combo N: other MAOIs, meperidine, alpha2 agonist

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11
Q

TCAs

A

Reuptake inhibition of serotonin
NE reuptake inhibition
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
Anticholinergic
Antihistaminic

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12
Q

Benefits and AE of Clomipramine

A

Benefits: regulates mood, fear, impulsive behaviors, decreases stress response, anti-pruritus effect
AE: ^ urine retention, Cardio effects - arrhythmias, GI - nausea, vomiting. Lowered seizure threshold, check for diabetes

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13
Q

Label use for Clomipramine

A

For seperation anxiety in dogs >6m
1-2 mg/kg
Caused decreased: destruction, potty in house, vocalization, behavior
Takes 1-2 months
ADR: sleeping, vomiting

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14
Q

SNRI

A

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Increase dopamine in prefrontal cortex
Stabilize mood, decrease hyperexcitiability
ADR: GI - nausea, diarrhea

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15
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Common use of SNRI in cats
Highly effective

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16
Q

SSRI

A

Benefits & ADR are similar to other drugs but this drug works /targets serotonin
**insomnia can develop, good reason to switch drugs

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17
Q

Fluoxetine

A

FDA approved for separation anxiety
Various but generally good improvement - good for aggressive animals*
Long wash out periods before adding other drugs

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18
Q

TCA vs SSRI vs SNRI

A

Depends on experience and comfort
Consider side effects - harmful or beneficial
Think ahead abt changing drugs - washout periods
Cases of aggression e GT

19
Q

Pruritic animals - TCA, SSRI, SNRI

A

May have more benefit more from TCA than SSRI

20
Q

Cardiac concerns - TCA, SSRI, SNRI

A

Cardiac concerns would get SSRI over TCA

21
Q

Highly vigilant animals - TCA, SSRI, SRNI

A

Benefit from SNRI

22
Q

TCA, SSRI, SNRI - changing

A

TCA —> SSRI can be switched rapidly

23
Q

Changing drugs - TCA, SSRI, SRNI

A

SSRI (fluoxetine) —>TCA requires longer washout period bc fluoxetine has a long half life

24
Q

TCA and SRRIs

A

Don’t use with each other **
Can be used in combo w other serotonergic meds
In combo with MAOI
Caution with drugs that alter CYP 450 metabolism

25
Serotonin syndrome
Cause - co admin of drugs that increase serotonin Agitation/confusion Myoclonus, tremor, ataxia, seizure, hyperthermia Treat with benzodiazepine for tremor Anti-serotonergic - cyproheptadine Supportive care
26
SARIs
Serotonin 2A antagonist, reuptake inhibitor Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist Antihistaminic properties - vitamin T (trazadone)
27
Trazadone
Developed for major depressive disorder in ppl - ADR is sleepiness, treatment for insomnia Use in cats, dogs, horses, alpacas - use low end of dosing Observe time to effects and efficacy Titrate up if needed, tolerance can develop after 2-4weeks
28
Uses for Trazadone
Anti anxiety Cage rest/stall rest Post op confinement Thunderstorm/noise phobia Travel anxiety Veterinary visits Grooming visits
29
ADR of Trazadone
Oversedation Increased hunger, GI Behavioral disinhibition Hyperactivity Muscle fasiculations Arrhythmias Short lived
30
Calcium channel blockers
Gabapentin - common in cats Use: When pain is suspected component of anxiety Vet Visits, grooming, storms
31
Alpha 2 agonists
Mechanisms of action - alpha 2 agonists, inhibits release of norepinephrine, decreased symp tone
32
Oral/transmucosal alpha 2 agonists
Clonidine Dexmedetomidine/detomidine gel form Delayed action No analgesia
33
Benzodiazepines mechanism
Facilitates binding GABA to GABA-a receptors in CNS Long acting oral formulation - alprazolam Rapid acting for situational anxiety - separation anxiety/storm/social - urine marking - maternal acceptance
34
caution with Benzodiazepines
Interfere with learning Behavioral disinhibition - ^ bite Idiosyncratic excitatory reactions (15-20% of drugs)
35
Benzodiazepines- cats & oral diazepam
Do not use chronically Slower metabolism & inhibition of bile acid efflux Severe hepatic necrosis
36
Clinical use for everyday
MAIOs TCAs SSRIs SNRIs
37
Clinical use for episodic use
Benzodiazepines SARIs Alpha 2 agonists Calcium channel blockers
38
Drugs for feline urine spraying
Diazepam - benzodiazepines Buspirone - SNRI Clomipramine - TCA Fluoxetine - SSRI
39
Drugs to avoid
- acepromazine, best use w combo for physical and mental relaxation Chlorpromazine - horses, can experience agitation, excitement/aggression, spastic & lose balance = injury
40
Drugs to avoid - Phenothiazine tranquilizers
Fluphenazine - phenothiazine Desired effects - suppression of spontaneous activity & aggressive behavior, one injection lasts 30 days Unwanted side effects -agitation, hypermetria, circling, pawing, episodes of sever stupor
41
Fluphenazine - avoid
Toxic concentrations in horses in not known Range between 3.3-3.39ng/ml following IM admin Toxic doses of 25-125mg IM Treatment - anticholinergics - Ben toro pine mesylate & diphenhydramine Barbiturates - pentobarbital CRI
42
Reserpine - avoid
Adrenergic antagonist - in horses Sedative, treatment of agalactia SE: colic, GI upset, diarrhea, sweating, depression, droopy eye, paraphimosis IM>>>oral
43
Reserpine effects on anesthesia
Fatal interactions w xylaxine and ketamine Hypotension - can take d-w but can last for 1-6 w after discontinuing drug Effects of clotting - blood used for IRAP
44
Alpha casozepine
Milk protein to chillaxe

SS - Exam 2 (18 decks)

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