Virology 1.C Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are Petechiae and Purpora?
Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding.
Clustering of petechia results in Purpora.
Three things to immediately look at for rashes?
Texture, color, location.
Macule vs patch?
MACULE - A circumscribed, flat area of discoloration that is less than 10 mm* in diameter.
PATCH - A circumscribed, flat area of discoloration that is greater than 10 mm* in diameter.
They are flat, distinct, discolored areas of the skin.
What is a skin lesion?
A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to the skin around it.
What are Vesicles?
Vesicles are small fluid-filled sacs or blisters that can appear on your skin. The fluid inside these sacs may be clear, white, yellow, or mixed with blood.
What is a papule?
A circumscribed, elevated solid lesion up to 1 cm in size, elevation may be accentuated with oblique lighting, e.g. Mila, acne, verrucae.
What is a maculopapular rash?
A macule is a flat, reddened area of skin present in a rash. A papule is a raised area of skin in a rash. Doctors use the term maculopapular to describe a rash with both flat and raised parts.
Does Petechia Blanch?
No. Because it is hemorrhagic in nature.
When something blanches, it typically indicates a temporary obstruction of blood flow to that area. This causes the color of that area to become pale relative to the surrounding skin. You can test this on yourself if you press gently on an area of your skin, it likely turns lighter before resuming its natural color.
Like a sunburn when you press on it.
Pro-tip Clinical indication of petechial rash?
It is diffuse and has conjunctival location. (It is not always to the conjunctiva), no blanching either.
Vesicular rash in regards to ethnicity?
It does NOT change, regardless of the individuals skin tone, fluid is fluid under the skin so they typically appear the same in color. (this does not mean size, shape, quantity, etc)
Another term for “Diffuse rash”
Exanthem rash.
What is Fifth’s disease? What is its other name? Contagiousness? Spread/location? Appearance? Treatment?
Fifth’s disease (B19 Parvovirus) is a viral rash that is a common and highly contagious childhood ailment causing a distinctive face rash. Used to be called “slap disease”.
Begins on the rash ( like roses, slapped cheeks and travels inferiorly down the body).
Rash looks like red circles w/ empty centers.
No treatment needed.
What is HFMD? Caused by? Spread/location? Appearance? IMPORTANT tip to watch out for?
A common children’s virus (Coxackie or Enteroviruses) causing sores in the mouth and a vesicular rash on the hands and feet.
Mouth sores can break and get extremely infected.
Watch out for cardiac patients! Those with valve defects, etc can developed pericarditis/endocarditis d/t the Enterovirus.
What is Roseola infant? Other name? Age range? Pain? and Location/spread?
Roseola (HHV6) is a common infection that usually affects children from 0.5-2 years old. It’s caused by a virus that spreads from person to person. It can cause a high fever followed by a rash that doesn’t itch or hurt. About a quarter of the people with roseola get a rash.
Begins at the trunk/belly and moves outwardly. Very important to ask the origin of onset.
What is Measles? One very important indication? Contagious?
Measles ( rubeola) is a rare maculopapular rash that begins at the hairline and moves inferiorly (IMPORTANT to ask where onset!). This CAN be prevented with vaccination.
Koplik spots!
HIGHLY contagious!
What prodrome is associated with Measles?
Koplik spots prior to maculopapular rash. White spots in the mouth.
What is Rubella? Other names? Distinction from Rubeola?
Rubella ( German Measles, Three-day measles) is a maculopapular rash that began on thecae and travels inferiorly. It is similar to measles but not nearly as severe, or contagious as measles. Koplik spots are usually not present. This is also a rare disease and vaccination preventable.
One important question for individuals with Measles and Rubella
PREGNANCY. Isolation from pregnancy is important. These can contribute to miscarriage or stillbirth.
Names three rare viral vesicular rashes
Varicellaa, monkeypox, and smallpox.
These are prone to erupting and scarring.
What is chickenpox? indications, location, appearance?
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It can cause an itchy, vesicular rash. Begins at the trunk and moves outwardly.
What is Small pox?
Small pox (viral) is caused by the Viral virus and is vesicular rash that is preceded by an IL type prodrome. Typically begins on the face/forearms and travels downward. Things to look for are civil unrest.
What are monkey pox?
A rash that can look like pimples or blisters that appears on the face, inside the mouth, and on other parts of the body, like the hands, feet, chest, genitals, or anus. Vesicular lesions can break and spend.
A good separating indicator would be Lymphadenopathy (differentiating from chickenpox or smallpox).
Sexual contacts.
Name 3 Arboviral rashes? Rash type? and commonalities?
Zika Virus, West Nile virus, and Chikunguya. They are all maculopapular rashes that present with fever, malaise, myalgias, are mosquitoborne and have encephalitis potential.
What is Zika virus? One differentiating factor from West Nile and Chikungunya?
Maculopapular arboviral rash that presents with Fevers, Malaise, Myalgias, is misquitoborne and has encephalitis potential.
One differentiator is that it can cause birth defects.
