Bacterial Pathogenesis Week 1 Flashcards
What is a Pathogen, Opportunistic Pathogen
Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease
Primary pathogen can cause disease in a healthy individual;
Opportunistic pathogens can cause disease in individuals with compromised in protective barriers or immunosuppression.
6 stages of pathogenesis?
- Transmission and evasion to the initial host barriers
- Adherence
- Colonization
- Development of disease symptoms
- Host immune response
- Resolution (there may be progression to chronicity)
What is Virulence, along with ID50 and LD50?
Virulence is the Quantitative number of pathogens that can cause a disease,
ID50 is number of pathogens required to cause infection to half of the cells
and LD50 is the number of pathogen required to cause death to half of the cells.
What are bacterial virulence factors?
They are factors that help assist in pathogenesis
What are adhesions?
Virulence factors that assist in attachment to host cell, and facilitate the early stages of bacterial pathogenesis (adherence and host colonization). Bacterial pili, Fimbriae and cell membrane molecules can serve as adhesions.
What are Toxins?
Several roles, elicit immune response, contribute to invasiveness.
wWhat are antiphagocytic factors?
They inhibit host response factors and promote intracellular survival in host cell.
What are Invasins?
Virulence factors that help invade host and are important for colonization. bacterial proteins and enzymes that facilitate the spread of pathogens and promote host cell damage.
Can be be extracellular or intracellular.
What are Invasins?
Virulence factors that help invade host and are important for colonization. bacterial proteins and enzymes that facilitate the spread of pathogens and promote host cell damage.
Can be be extracellular or intracellular.
5 kinds of Extracellular Invasins?
Hyaluronidase, Collagenase, Neuraminidase, Streptokinase and staphylokinase, Hemolysins
Mechanism of Hyaluronidase? Of collagenase?
Pathogens reach epithelial surface and release hyaluronidase into the basement membrane then invading deeper tissues.
Collagenase is similar but for collagen.
What is Neuraminidase important for?
Facilitation of biofilm formation.
Function of Coagulase?
Helps accelerate fibrin clotting w/ precursor fibrinogen, which clotting prevents bacteria from phagocytosis by using a layer of fibrin.
What is the function of Streptokinase?
Helps breakdown the fibrin clotting and help spread bacteria hematogenously throughout the blood.
Types of exotoxins (3)
What are endotoxins? What do they cause? Antigenic?
What can Endotoxins cause?
What are antiphagocytic factors?
What is Capsule, Protein M, and Protein A
3 ways that bacteria have found to survive intracellularly
What are biofilms and what are they made of? What do they do and where are they most commonly found?
What is the major regulator of virulence factors ( Virulence factors are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that assist microbes in things like colonization). Name a few examples of it
How do viruses get virulence factors?
What are Pathogenicity islands?
What are the three methods of genetic transfer among bacteria?
Antibiotic resistance: What is Horizontal gene transfer and Spontaneous mutations?
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows bacteria to exchange their genetic materials (including antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs) among diverse species, greatly fostering collaboration among bacterial population.
Three general factors that determine pathogenesis (not host specific)
Host factors determining pathogenesis (3)
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