Virology Exam 2

Question 1

Poxviridae characteristics

Answer 1

large, complex
dumbbell shaped with surface tubules
linear ds DNA
enveloped, but stable in environment
Mammals, birds, insects

Question 2

Pox replication

Answer 2

1. Binds, fuses, uncoats
2. replicates in cytoplasm (long time ~8 hrs)
3. DNA polymerase for DNA synth
4. Mature virions get envelope from Golgi app & released by exocytosis
5. Other virions not enveloped, released by cell lysis

Question 3

Variolation

Answer 3

create lesion and inject a proxy virus to get cross-protection from a different virus
(e.g. vaccinia or cowpox for smallpox)

Question 4

Vaccinia

Answer 4

virus vector for recombinant vaccines

Question 5

Pox virokines to decrease IR

Answer 5

• homolog of epidermal growth factor
• C3b, C4
• TNF alpha soluble receptor
• CrmA
• resistant to IFN

Question 6

Poxvirus pathogenesis

Answer 6

localized skin infection (mechanical, fomite contact, aerosolized) causing skin lesions

systemic infection resulting in skin lesions after organ infections & viremia(s)

Question 7

Pox lesion progression

Answer 7

macule
papule
vesicle
pustule
ulceration
scab formation
healing/scar

Question 8

Pox Shedding

Answer 8

scab material, skin lesions

aerosol (cats & cowpox)

Question 9

Prevention of Pox

Answer 9

disinfection of equipment
sanitation
rodent/insect/parasite control

Question 10

Pox transmission

Answer 10

• mechanical (insect or direct contact w/ abrasion)
• aerosolized
• direct contact/fomites
• insect bite

Question 11

Asfarviridae characteristics

Answer 11

large, enveloped, icosahedral
linear dsDNA
Tick borne swine disease causing acute hemorrhagic fever
exotic to the US

Question 12

ASFAR stands for what?

Answer 12

African swine fever and related viruses

Question 13

Herpesviridae characteristics

Answer 13

sub families alpha, beta, gamma
large, enveloped, complex icosahedral
linear dsDNA
replicates in nucleus
Latent, with lytic infection, can reactivate

Question 14

BHV-1 causes

Answer 14

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

herpesviral meningoencephalitis

Question 15

BHV-5 causes

Answer 15

herpesviral meningoencephalitis

Question 16

EHV-3 causes

Answer 16

equine coital exanthema

Question 17

EHV-1 causes

Answer 17

equine rhinopneumonitis

specifically abortions and neuro disease

Question 18

EHV-4 causes

Answer 18

equine rhinopneumonitis

Question 19

PHV-1

Answer 19

(porcine) (aka pseudorabies virus)

Pseudorabies - eradication program

Question 20

GHV-2

Answer 20

Maerk;s Dz

Question 21

GHV-1

Answer 21

infectious laryngotracheitis

also caused by ILTV

Question 22

Adenoviridae characteristics

Answer 22

non-enveloped icosahedral 
ds linear DNA
very host specific/adapted
primarily ingested
shed in urine, saliva

Question 23

CAV-1 vs CAV-2

Answer 23

CAV-1 causes blue eye, encehpalitis, infectious canine hepitities, nephritis

CAV-2 causes mild respiratory disease. Often used as a core vaccine

Question 24

Differentials for systemic or local disease around mouth in deer

Answer 24

adenovirus hemorrhagic disease (cervine adenovirus-1)
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
blue tongue virus
malignant catarrhal fever

Question 25

Parvoviridae characteristics

Answer 25

small, non-enveloped icosahedral ssDNA zoonotic fecal-oral transmission

Question 26

Parvo risk factors

Answer 26

season (July to Sept) sex (intact dogs) breed (rotties, dobies, shepards) NOT VACCINATED

Question 27

Circoviridae characteristics

Answer 27

circular ssDNA ambisense non-enveloped icosahedral Causes chicken anemia virus, psitacine beak and feather disease, procine circovirus, canine circovirus

Question 28

Papillomavirus characteristics

Answer 28

small, non-enveloped icosahedral circular dsDNA warts & tumors, sometimes neoplasms long incubation, not very contagious

Question 29

Polyomaviridae

Answer 29

small icosahedral, non enveloped circular dsDNA humans, birds Budgie fledgling dz

Question 30

Retroviridae characteristics

Answer 30

diploid +sense ssRNA enveloped, icosahedral persistent infection

Question 31

Lentiviruses

Answer 31

subgroup of Retroviruses long incubation period persistent infection

Question 32

Reoviridae characteristics

Answer 32

nonenveloped, icosahedral segmented genome (faster replication) dsRNA arthropod borne or enteric pathogens

Question 33

Birnaviridae characteristics

Answer 33

nonenveloped icosahedral dsDNA with 2 segments birds, fish, shellfish Infectious bursal disease virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Question 34

Rhabdoviridae characteristics

Answer 34

enveloped, helical capsid linear, negative sense ssRNA zoonotic, reportable Rabies, lyssaviruses, vesicular stomatitis

Question 35

Recommended core feline vaccines

Answer 35

Feline panleukopenia Feline herpesvirus-1/FVR Feline calcivirus

Question 36

Recommended non-core feline vaccines

Answer 36

``` rabies FeLV FIV Chlamydophila felis Bordatella bronchiseptica FIP dermophyte ```

Question 37

Only poxvirus with a vaccine

Answer 37

orf (live attenuated, but short term immunity)

Question 38

General herpes disease process

Answer 38

- lytic infection (replication, cell lysis) - latent infection (enter nerves, live in ganglia - trigeminal neuron) - reactivation (stress, leave neuron, lytic replication in epithelial cells, spread, limited by IR)

Question 39

Iatrogenic spread of BHV-1 to cows causing IBR

Answer 39

give MLV vaccine to pregnant cows or neonate, see abortion 2-12 wks post vacc

Question 40

general herpes signs

Answer 40

respiratory encephalitis repro (abortions, neonate dz) neuro signs

Question 41

herpes transmission

Answer 41

``` venereal iatrogenic respiratory iatrogenic transplacental ```

Question 42

pseudorabies secondary hosts

Answer 42

dogs, cattle, sheep, cats, rodents etc mad-itch (pruritis, self mutilation) high fatality

Question 43

turkey adenovirus-3

Answer 43

hemorrhagic enteritis- turkeys marble spleen disease - pheasants splenomegaly - broilers production concern

Question 44

parvo targets what kind of cells

Answer 44

rapidly dividing cells

Question 45

Clinical signs of parvo

Answer 45

hemorrhagic enteritis with bloody diarrhea neonatal peracute death panleukopenia (cats) range from asymptomatic to death

Question 46

timeframes of parvo

Answer 46

incubation 4-14 days clinical signs after 14 days shedding 7 days+

Question 47

SMDEI virus differential

Answer 47

Porcine parvovirus