Virology Extra? Flashcards
(10 cards)
1
Q
How do acyclovir, ganciclovir, and famciclovir inhibit viruses?
A
Inhibit viral genome replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerases
2
Q
How does ribavirin inhibit viruses?
A
Inhibits viral genome replication by
- inhibiting viral RNA polymerases
- inhibiting other aspects of viral transcription
- used against Lassa, Hepatitis C, RSV
3
Q
How does Azidothymidine (AZT) inhibit viruses?
A
Inhibits viral genome replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase
4
Q
Give a vaccine correctly and animal responds. What could that mean?
A
- already infected
- wrong virus used in vaccine
- non-protective antigen used
5
Q
Give a vaccine correctly and animal doesn’t respond. What could that mean?
A
- Interference of passive immunity
- immunosuppression
- inadequate vaccine
- genetic non-responder
6
Q
Ways a vaccine could be incorrectly administered
A
- inappropriate route of administration
- live virus was accidentally inactivated
- vaccine accidentally given to animal with passive immunity
- wrong vaccine given
- vaccine administered to pregnant animal
7
Q
(some) Adverse reactions to vaccines
A
- local reaction (fever, pain, malaise)
- hypersensitivity
- neurological reactions, abortion, congenital defects
- sudden death
- neoplasia (fibrosarcoma in cats)
- Immunosuppression & secondary infection
8
Q
Antiviral drug targets
A
- viral attachment to receptor proteins
- viral uptake and uncoating
- viral genome replication
- viral transcription
- translation of viral proteins
- viral enzymes
9
Q
Drugs for Influenza A and their targets
A
Tamiflu inhibits neuramindase, slowing viral spread
Amantidine, Rimantidine block M2 channels, prevent uncoating
10
Q
Problem with viral chemotherapy
A
- viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens
- they utilized host synthetic pathways
- drugs that inhibit viral replication also likely to be toxic to host functions
- viruses also can adapt to evade drug therapies
