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Virology FRCPath Part 2 > Virology Fundamentals > Flashcards

Virology Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Baltimore group I classification

A

DS DNA viruses

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2
Q

Baltimore group II classification

A

SS (+/-) DNA viruses

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3
Q

Baltimore group III classification

A

DS RNA viruses

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4
Q

Baltimore group IV classification

A

SS (+) RNA viruses

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5
Q

Baltimore group V classification

A

SS (-) RNA viruses

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6
Q

Baltimore group VI classification

A

SS (+) RNA RT viruses

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7
Q

Baltimore group VII classification

A

pDS DNA RT viruses

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8
Q

Baltimore group I viral families (4)

A

Herpes, Papoma (polyoma and papiloma), Adeno, Pox

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9
Q

Baltimore group II Viral families (1)

A

Parvo

Adenovirus-associated virus

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10
Q

Baltimore group III Viral families (1)

A

Reoviridae (Rotavirus)
Double stranded RNA
Replication in cytoplasm

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11
Q

Baltimore group IV viral families (6)

A

Calico, Picorna, Hepe (Non-ENV)
Toga, Flavi, Corona (ENV)

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12
Q

Baltimore group V viral families (6)

A

Filo, Bunya, Arena, Rhabdo, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo

Negative sense RNA single strand

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13
Q

Baltimore group VI viral families (1)

A

Retro

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14
Q

Baltimore group VII viral families (1)

A

Hepadna

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15
Q

Name 3 enveloped DNA viral families

A

Herpes, Pox, hepadna

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16
Q

Name 3 non enveloped DNA viral families

A

Adeno, Papoma, Parvo.

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17
Q

Which viral family has a complex capsid

A

Pox

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18
Q

Name 3 viral families with circular DNA

A

Papilloma, polyoma and Hepadna

Papilloma and polyoma are non enveloped
Hepadna (hbv is partially double stranded, enveloped)

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19
Q

Which Baltimore groups contain DNA viruses

A

I, II, VII

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20
Q

Which Baltimore groups contain RNA viruses

A

III, IV, V, VI

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21
Q

Do any DNA viruses have helical capsids?

A

No, most are icosahedral, Pox is complex.

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22
Q

This DNA virus contains repeated sequences and has a hairpin structure at one end

A

Parvovirus

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23
Q

This linear dsDNA virus has two unique sequences flanked by reiterated sequences

A

Herpes

24
Q

This DS-DNA virus contains covalently closed circular DNA in a superhelix

A

Papoviridae

(includes papilloma and polyomavirus

60nm

Icosohedral
No envelope

25
Q

This linear DS-DNA virus has inverted terminal repeats and a covalently bound protein

A

Adeno

26
Q

This linear DS-DNA virus has and x-linled genome, both ends are covalently closed and it contains inverted terminal repeats

A

Pox

Poxviruses replicate in discrete factories in the cytoplasm. Their double-stranded DNA genomes, which encode proteins for DNA replication, are linked at the ends, forming one continuous polynucleotide chain

27
Q

These RNA Viruses have helical capsids (7)

A

Corona (IV)
Rhabdo, Filo, Bunya, Arena, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo (V)

28
Q

These RNA viruses have Icosahedral capsids (7)

A

Reo (III)
Flavi, Toga, Hepe, Calico, Picorna, (IV)
Retro (VI)

29
Q

Name 5 non enveloped RNA viral families
(CHAPS is acronym fir the group 4)

A

Reo (III)
Calico, Picorna, Hepe (IV), Astro

30
Q

Name 10 enveloped RNA families

A

Toga, Flavi, Corona (IV)
Rhabdo, Filo, Bunya, Arena, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo (V)
Retro (VI)

31
Q

Are RNA viral genomes typically linear or circular?

A

Linear, no circular.

32
Q

Virion polymerase is required for replication is some viruses (mostly those with cytoplasmic replication cycles). Name 10 viral families with virion polymerase.

A

Pox (I)
Reo (III)
Rhabdo, Filo, Bunya, Arena, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo (V)
Retro (VI)
Hepadna (VII)

33
Q

Viral family with 10-18 segmented genome.

A

Reo

34
Q

Most RNA viruses use 3′ end cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) to aid the exit from the nucleus. Which RNA viral family doesn’t?

A

Flavi (IV)
Except for a few of the tick-borne flaviviruses the 3′-end is not polyadenylated—instead there is a 3′-hairpin loop

35
Q

These 2 RNA virus families have VPg linked genomes and proteins attached at the 5’ end.

A

Calico and Picorna (IV)

36
Q

This RNA virus family is tri-segmented with ambisense coding

A

Bunya (V)

37
Q

This RNA virus family is bi-segmented with ambisense coding

A

Arena

38
Q

This RNA virus family is has 7-8 segments and sequesters host 3’ cap from host pre-mRNA

A

Orthomyxo

39
Q

This viral family had a diploid genome (contains 2 copies)

A

Retro

40
Q

Which virus replicates via a double rolling RNA syntheseis

A

HDV

Encodes a single structural protein Small protein for viral replication and Large protein (promotes packaging of mature virions)

C-terminus: facilitated by an isoprenoid prosthetic side chain covalently bound to its C-terminus

41
Q

With regards to HIV, what do the following Env, Pol, gag

A

Env: encodes envelope proteins for cell entry and tropism
Pol: encodes reverse transcriptase and integrase
Gag: viral structural proteins

Retroviruses are a family of viruses, the common feature of which is the use of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert viral RNA into proviral DNA within infected/transduced host cells. Another viral enzyme, integrase, then integrates the proviral DNA into the host cell’s genome. Host cell molecular machinery then expresses this proviral DNA to produce new viruses that can infect other cells

42
Q

Enterovirus D 68 is easily detectable is poop. T/F?

A

False
D68 is acid labile, unlike other enteroviruses is rarely detected in stool

43
Q

List 4 families of viruses that cause VHF

A

Arenaviruses
Filoviruses
Bunyavirus
Flavivirus

44
Q

What baltimore groups is adeno virus associated virus

A

It is a ssDNA, group 2, parvovirus

45
Q

What baltimore group is torque tenovirus

A

ssDNA , group 2

46
Q

What virus family is adeno-associated virus

A

Parvoviridae

Baltimore Group 2: others in group are bocapovirus, parvo

47
Q

What is RNase H

A

a ubiquitous enzyme that degrades the RNA strand of an RNA–DNA duplex

48
Q

Functions of reverse transcriptase

A

RT is a multifunctional enzyme possessing each of RNA and DNA polymerase activities as well as an RNase H activity and is responsible for converting the single-stranded viral RNA genome into dsDNA. which becomes integrated into host cell DNA

RNase H degrades RNA

Inhibited by NNRTI and NRTI and NRTTI

NRTI: act as competitive inhibitors and cause chain termination of the growing viral DNA chain (need phosphorylation step)

NNRTI: non-competitive
binding of the NNRTI to the reverse transcriptase and the creation of a hydrophobic pocket proximal to the active site. This pocket creates a new spatial configuration of the substrate-binding site to reduce the overall polymerase activity. By creating a different configuration, DNA synthesis becomes slowed overall. Because of the non-competitive inhibitor action of NNRTI, it is not effective against HIV-2 reverse transcriptase

49
Q

Receptor for HSV-1

A

Heparin Sulphate

Heparan sulfate interacts with HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins gB and gC during the initial attachment step during HSV-1 entry. Present on most cells

Replication by host RNA polymerase II

Latency in nerve ganglia

50
Q

Which virus uses GM1
ganglioside receptor

A

SV40

51
Q

DC-SIGN receptor

A

HHv8

52
Q

CAR
Integrin
avß3 or ayßs receptors

A

Adenovirus

53
Q

CD155 receptor

A

poliovirus

54
Q

SLAM CD150

A

Measles

55
Q

Which receptor P- antigen

A

Parvo B19
Erthrocyte progenitor, endothelial and fetal myocytes, placental trophoblasts

56
Q

What is syncytia

A

Syncytia result from the fusion of an infected cell with neighboring cells, leading to the formation of multinucleated, enlarged cells. This process is triggered by the surface expression ofviral fusion proteinsthat are fusogenic directly at the host cell membrane.
Syncytia can only arise with viruses that are able to fuse directly at the cell surface without requiring endocytosis.

Virology FRCPath Part 2 (24 decks)

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