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CMPT 300 > Virtual Machines > Flashcards

Virtual Machines Flashcards

1
Q

A virtual machines abstracts a ______ computer into several different _________ environments

A

single, execution

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2
Q

Every execution environment thinks it runs on its own __________

A

computer

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3
Q

A virtual machine manager (VMM) is also called a __________

A

Hypervisor

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4
Q

What does a VMM do?

A

Create and run virtual machines which run guest OSs

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5
Q

There and VMM that are run by ______ and ______

A

hardware, software

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6
Q

Where does the VMM lie between the layers of Process, kernel, and hardware?

A

Between kernel and hardware

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7
Q

Review the virtual machine structure

A

Review the virtual machine structure

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8
Q

A VM offers ________ and ________ between host and guest OSs

A

protection, isolation

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9
Q

A VM can host different kinds of ___________ ______

A

operating systems

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10
Q

A VM can suspend, ______, clone, _______, migrate, and do _____ computing

A

resume, backup, cloud

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11
Q

When a guest attempts to execute a privileged instruction, a _____ is raised to the VMM in the real machine, the VMM ______ the action for guest, and there is a ________ since it is not run on hardware

A

trap, executes, slowdown

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12
Q

If CPU commands behave different based on privilege, the _____ and _________ cannot be used

A

trap, emulate

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13
Q

Trap and emulate is a method to handle ________ instructions

A

privileged

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14
Q

When a guest OS is in user mode, run commands on the _______ ____

A

physical CPU

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15
Q

When a guest OS is in kernel mode, what are 2 outcomes when an instruction is run?

A
  • Not Special Instruction: run natively

- Special Instruction: translate into a new set of instructions and execute via the VMM

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16
Q

The VMM maps guest page tables to _______ _____ _____

A

nested page tables (NPT)

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17
Q

Each guest OS pagin operation is translated to a _______ _____ _____ operation

A

nested page table

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18
Q

What are the 2 modes of operations for hardware acceleration?

A

host and guest

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19
Q

vCPU data structures load and store _____ CPU states quickly

A

guest

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20
Q

Guest memory is managed by _______ nested page tables

A

hardware

21
Q

The hardware translates addresses for guest OS _____ operations

A

DMA

22
Q

The VMM has to route ________ to the correct guest OSs

A

interrupts

23
Q

What are 6 types of Hypervisors?

A
  • Type 0
  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Programming Environment Virtualization
  • Emulation
  • Containers
24
Q

In ______ Hypervisors, the hardware has a feature where it is partitioned and dedicated for different guest OSs.

A

Type 0

25
Q

In ______ Hypervisors, guests can host other _____

A

guests

26
Q

In Type 1 Hypervisors, _______ OSs that manage other guest OSs run on hardware. Type 1s provide an ________ ____ for backup, monitoring, etc

A

custom, interface API

27
Q

_______ Hypervisors are typical in data centers for consolidation

A

Type 1

28
Q

_______ Hypervisors are application level virtual machine managers

A

Type 2

29
Q

What is an example of a Programming Environment Virtualization?

A

Java Virtual Machine

30
Q

_____ programs run within the JVM

A

Java

31
Q

What is emulation?

A

Allows guest systems compiled for a different architecture compared to that of the host system

32
Q

Emulation translates source system ________ to equivalent instructions on the target system

A

instructions

33
Q

________ don’t provide complete virtualization for applications that require the same OS but dont need complete virtualization

A

Containers

34
Q

What are 5 core functionalities all Hypervisors have to manage?

A
  • CPU Scheduling
  • Memory Management
  • I/O Management
  • Storage Management
  • Live Migration
35
Q

VMMs map ______ to physical CPUs

A

vCPUs

36
Q

Due to ________, time-of-day clocks in vCPUs are _______

A

scheduling, incorrect

37
Q

Some VMMs include applications to correct ______ ______

A

clock drifts

38
Q

Memory pressure is ____ when running VMs

A

high

39
Q

VMs has double ________, which degrades performance

A

paging

40
Q

VMMs detect the same pages loaded multiple times and keep them ____

A

once

41
Q

____ is easy to manage in VMMs since drivers are loadable modules

A

I/O

42
Q

VMMs provide direct I/O control to improve I/O __________

A

performance

43
Q

In VMMs, the disk image is maintained is a _____ ____, making it easy for cloning, backup, and migration

A

single file

44
Q

VMM storage management requires physical to virtual conversion of ____ _______

A

disk blocks

45
Q

VMMs store multiple file systems as separate _______

A

images

46
Q

Live migration is available only for ______ and ______ hypervisors

A

Type 0, Type 1

47
Q

Live migration allows seamless _____ ________, server maintenance, etc

A

load balancing

48
Q

Describe the general process of a live migration

A
  1. Create Guest Target
  2. Send all pages to Target
  3. Terminate Guest Source

CMPT 300 (21 decks)

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