Virtualization and Cloud Computing

Question 1

Summarize the private cloud model.

Answer 1

Where an org. builds and manages its own cloud infrastructure within its internal data center. Resources are not shared outside the org. Offers greater control over data, security, and compliance, but has significant upfront and ongoing maintenance costs.

Question 2

Summarize the public cloud model.

Answer 2

Provides cloud services over the internet through a third party (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud). Servers and storage are shared among multiple users and organizations. The cloud provider owns and manages the hardware, offering easy scalability and usage-metered costs.

Question 3

Summarize the hybrid cloud model.

Answer 3

Combines public and private clouds. Sensitive data can be securely kept in the private cloud, while less sensitive data can leverage the scalability and metered usage of the public cloud. Lets an org. use its existing infrastructure and security while still utilizing the public cloud.

Question 4

Summarize the community cloud model.

Answer 4

Several organizations share a private cloud. Every org. helps pay, and they benefit from a more robust infrastructure than one alone could afford.

Question 5

Summarize the IaaS model.

Answer 5

The cloud provider manages the hardware, but the user is responsible for installing the OS and apps and managing the data. Gives control over VMs, storage, or networks without having to invest in the hardware.

Question 6

Summarize the PaaS model.

Answer 6

The cloud provider offers an environment to support the building and delivering of web-based apps. They provide the hardware, as well as the OS, and some underlying programs necessary for apps to function.

Question 7

Summarize the SaaS model.

Answer 7

The cloud provider delivers ready-to-use apps over the internet on a subscription basis. The user just uses the software, while the provider manages the hardware, OS, app updates, and security.

Question 8

Summarize the cloud characteristic of shared resources.

Answer 8

The pooling of computing resources to serve multiple consumers. Storage, processing power, and network bandwidth are dynamically assigned according to user demand, maximizing resource utilization and efficiency, lowering costs for users.

Question 9

Summarize the cloud characteristic of metered utilization.

Answer 9

Cloud users are billed based on the amount of resources consumed. Users pay for what they use, whether it’s hours computed, storage space, or data transfer volumes.

Question 10

Summarize the cloud characteristic of rapid elasticity.

Answer 10

The ability to quickly scale resource usage as demand fluctuates. Resources are provisioned and released automatically, giving the illusion of unlimited resources. Apps get to have the resources they need when they need them, but can be reduced when not needed, reducing costs.

Question 11

Summarize the cloud characteristic of high availability.

Answer 11

The cloud ensures that services and apps are continuously operational with minimal downtime. Crucial for critical apps that require constant accessibility and reliability.

Question 12

Summarize the cloud characteristic of file synchronization.

Answer 12

The cloud ensures that files and data are consistently updated and accessible across multiple devices. When changes are made on one, it updates to the others.

Question 13

Summarize VDI.

Answer 13

Hosts desktop environments on a centralized server that are accessed over a network. Allows for centralized management, improved security, and flexibility for users.

Question 14

Summarize VDI on premises.

Answer 14

Hosting the VDI infrastructure in the org.’s own data center. Maintains control over hardware, storage, and network resources, but requires upfront costs and ongoing maintenance.

Question 15

Summarize VDI in the cloud.

Answer 15

Also called DaaS, a cloud service provider delivers virtual desktops. Users can access their desktop anywhere they have internet, and the org. saves money and can easily scale.

Question 16

What is a metered connection?

Answer 16

A connection where users are charged based on the amount of resources they consumed.

Question 17

What is an unmetered connection?

Answer 17

A connection where users pay a fixed fee to utilize resources without measuring or limiting data usage.

Question 18

What is an internal cloud?

Answer 18

Another name for a private cloud.

Question 19

What is an external cloud?

Answer 19

Another name for a public cloud.

Question 20

What is Desktop as a Service?

Answer 20

Another name for VDI in the cloud.

Question 21

Summarize the purpose of a VM in a sandbox.

Answer 21

The VM provides an isolated testing environment where developers can run, test, and debug code without affecting production systems or networks. Allows experimentation without causing harm. Snapshots allow quick rollback to previous states.

Question 22

Summarize the purpose of a VM in test development.

Answer 22

The VM offers a controlled environment that mirrors the production system. Allows developers to integrate all components of an application and verify functionality. Allows the production system to stay up while tests are being done.

Question 23

Summarize the purpose of a VM in application virtualization.

Answer 23

The VM allows apps to run in an isolated environment independent from the host OS. Allows one system to run apps that require different OS versions or configs.

Question 24

Summarize the purpose of a VM in legacy software/OS virtualization.

Answer 24

The VM allows legacy software to run in a virtual old OS. The legacy software can be run on a machine that still has the most up to date OS security updates.

Question 25

Summarize the purpose of a VM in cross platform virtualization.

Answer 25

The VM allows the user to operate in multiple OS environments without having to reboot, allowing a user to benefit from the unique aspects of each OS. Eliminates the need for multiple devices or dual-boot setups.

Question 26

Summarize the resource requirements of client-side virtualization.

Answer 26

A CPU with virtualization support (Intel VT or AMD-V). Adequate RAM beyond the host OS requirements. Sufficient storage to accommodate the disk images of each guest OS. Network capabilities configurable per VM.

Question 27

Summarize the security requirements of client-side virtualization.

Answer 27

Hypervisor security, protecting against VM escape, where malware affects multiple VMs through the hypervisor. Guest OS security, each one needs the traditional security measures as if it were the host OS. Rogue VMs, only use VMs you created, not ones downloaded from sketchy sources. Updates, keep the hypervisor and the guest OSs updated.

Question 28

Summarize virtualization.

Answer 28

Allows a single physical computer to run multiple OSs in their own isolated environment called a Virtual Machine. Each VM acts as if it has its own resources, but is actually sharing.

Question 29

What is a hypervisor?

Answer 29

Also called a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM), it creates, runs, and manages VMs. It manages the allocation of resources like CPU, memory, storage, and networking to each VM.

Question 30

What are the network requirements for virtualization?

Answer 30

Configurable networking, each VM can be set up with specific network settings. Such as: Shared NAT, VMs share the host's IP using NAT. Bridged Network Address, VMs obtain their own IP addresses on the physical network. Private Address, isolated within a virtual network without external communication.