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RUSVM- Principles of Infectious Diseases (mine) > Virulence in Bacteria > Flashcards

Virulence in Bacteria Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

free living bacteria

A

no importance for animals and disease

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2
Q

symbionts

A

living together
obligate symbionts: need host
facultative symbionts

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3
Q

mutualism symbionts

A

both are necessary

positive for both

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4
Q

commensalism symbionts

A

good for one, no problem for the other

ex. intestinal flora

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5
Q

parasitism symbionts

A

one takes advantage of the other

harms the host

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6
Q

pathogenic bacteria

A

facultative and obligate

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7
Q

facultative pathogenic

A

endogenic infection

exogenic infection

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8
Q

endogenic infection

A

from inside

bacteria is inside and due to certain circumstances (stress) you get disease

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9
Q

exogenic infection

A

disease comes from outside

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10
Q

balanced pathogenicity

A

damage with recovery

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11
Q

unbalanced pathogenicity

A

high damage/death

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12
Q

infection

A

invasion and multiplication of micro-organism

eventually with disease

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13
Q

disease

A 
structural and functional damage
clinical/subclinical
opportunistic
septicaemiae/bacteraemia
hyperacute/acte/subacute/chronic
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14
Q

clinical disease

A

we see it and make diagnosis

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15
Q

subclinical disease

A

cant really see it

Ex. mastitis cow produces less milk but still looks happy and healthy

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16
Q

Cause disease

A

must adhere to something inside body
invasion- cause damage
toxin release- produced by bacteria and makes you sick

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17
Q

Flagella

A 
not in all bacteria
motility
H-antigens
mainly in gram neg bacteria 
composed of flagellin
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18
Q

E. coli O157:H7

A

food borne pathogen
hemorrhagic
can have toxins and cause kidney damage

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19
Q

Pili, fimbria & fibrillae

A

all the same
main role is adhesion
F-antigens

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20
Q

special pili

A 
sex pili
bacteria conjugation (plasmid transfer)
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21
Q

Extracellular invasion

A

thromboses, local use of oxygen/nutrients (parasitic)

immunological reaction: oxygen radicals/enzymes by macrophages and neutrophils

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22
Q

Facultative intracellular invasion

23
Q

obligate intracellular invasion

24
Q

virulence factors involved in invasion

Study These Flashcards
A

capsule
proteins that circumvent innate immunity
iron uptake
production of extracellular enzymes

25
extracellular enzymes
``` hyaluronidases collagenases fibrinolysins coagulases hemolysins leucocidins ```
26
capsule
``` not in all bacteria polysaccharides-proteins virulence factor enviromental protection capsular antigens (k-antigens) ```
27
virulence factor
colonization invasion adhesion protection against: phagocytosis, complement
28
Exotoxins
2 methods of injection 1- exports the toxin, not delivered directly into cell 2- injects toxin into cell, contact with cell
29
Type 1 Exotoxins
bind receptor disturbance of cell metabolism ex. sta of ETEC, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococci and Streptococci
30
Type 2 exotoxins
cell wall damage Staphylococcus aureus: alfa-toxin (hemolysis) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: Apx Toxins (pore forming)
31
Type 3 exotoxins
intracellular toxins A component: goes IC B (binding) component: binds membrane ex. heat labile toxin (LT) of ETEC, shiga toxin (ST) of VTEC, EHEC, Botulism toxin, tetanospasmin
32
Gram negative Endotoxins
``` cell wall components lots of damage immune reaction limited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) heat stable causes: fever, general sickness, tissue damage, cardiovascular shock, death ```
33
Function of LPS
protection against: toxic products, complement Acts as endotoxin: infection with a gram negative bacterium could be around cell wall to create barrier that toxin cant pass
34
Gram positive toxins cell wall
``` lipoteichoic acid (LTA) lipoarabinomannan (Mycobacteria) (LAM) pepitdoglycan less toxic, less frequent causes: general sickness, fever, tissue damage, cardiovascular shock, death ```
35
Secretion systems
Type 1-7 membrane vesicles porin injection system (needle like)
36
Membrane vesicles
``` tries to get products out of cell not only for toxins but also metabolites lipid membrane- part of outer membrane outer membrane will bubble and leave contain: enzymes, exotoxins, DNA (transformation), signal molecules ```
37
Membrane vesicles role
``` pathogenesis signaling (quorum sensing) excretion of toxic products killing of competitors immunomodulation excretion of bacterial toxic products transformation ```
38
Biofilms
very dormant, metabolically not active composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA) bacterial persistence (endocarditis)-protection reduction of host immunity local damage reduced susceptibility to antibiotics on different surfaces: catheters, pipelines, dog bowls cant treat the bacteria in the biofilm
39
Lipoproteins-porins
role: pathogenesis- adhesions, iron uptake physiological role
40
Iron uptake
``` by cell wall protiens first line of defense no free iron in body intracellular: epithelial cells: ferritin erythrocytes: hemoglobin muscular cells: myoglobin serum: transferrin mucosae: lactoferrin infection: neutrophils-lactoferrin ```
41
intracellular- epithelial cells
ferritin
42
intracellular- erythrocytes
hemoglobin
43
intracellular- muscular cells
myoglobin
44
serum
transferrin
45
mucosae
lactoferrin
46
infection
neutrophils
47
Circumvent Iron restriction
alternative for iron: manganese in Borrelia burgdorferi expression of iron uptake system under iron restrictive conditions siderophore receptor (neonatal E. Coli septicaemiae) Transferrine/lactoferrine receptor Hemoglobine receptor
48
no complement activation
``` sialic acid (e. coli) on the surface enzymes that degrade the complement system ```
49
no lysis of bacterium
LPs | capsule
50
membrane vesicles
inhibition of the complement mediated inflammation | expel complement factors
51
intracellular multiplication
bacteria are hiding in intracellular niche
52
Mechanism of innate immunity
phagocytes: macrophages, neutrophils | NK cells
53
Factors against phagocytes
extracellular bacteria: capsule, metabolites-exotoxins biofil faculatative intracellular

RUSVM- Principles of Infectious Diseases (mine) (4 decks)

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