Viruses

Question 1

Pathogens

Answer 1

Disease-causing organisms including viruses and bacteria

Question 2

Zoonotic infections

Answer 2

Transmitted from animals to humans

Question 3

Bacteriophages

Answer 3

Multiplying viruses in bacterial cells that cause their deaths

Question 4

Lytic Cycle

Answer 4

Viral DNA instructs cell machinery to make more viruses

Question 5

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 5

1. Genetic material integrated into host DNA but remains hidden
2. Viral DNA copied every-time cell is copied

Question 6

Lysis

Answer 6

Results in cell death

Question 7

Disease caused by Viruses

Answer 7

1. Influenza
2. Rubella
3. Chickenpox
4. Measles
5. Mumps
6. Herpes
7. HIV/AIDS
8. Rabies
9. Ebola
10. Corona

Question 8

New Zoonotic pathogens

Answer 8

1. COVID-19
2. SARS
3. Bird Flu

Question 9

Treatment

Answer 9

1. No response to antibiotics
2. Only treats symptoms
3. Vaccines more effective to prevent infection

Question 10

Viral Structure

Answer 10

1. Sub-microscopic (5 to 300nm)
2. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
3. Capsid (protein coat giving shape (95% of virus)

Question 11

Virus reproduction

Answer 11

1. Need host to reproduce
2. Uses cell structure to make new viruses
3. Bacteriophages

Question 12

1. Lifecycle: Attachment

Answer 12

Virus attaches to receptors outside of host cell

Question 13

2. Lifecycle: Entry

Answer 13

Virus or its genetic material enters the cell

Question 14

3. Lifecyle: Genome replication and gene expression

Answer 14

1. Virus DNA integrated with host cell’s DNA
2. After infection, retrovirus uses enzyme to convert its RNA into DNA
3. It then integrates its viral DNA into host DNA

Question 15

4. Lifecyle: Assembly

Answer 15

New Viral particles assembled

Question 16

5. Lifecycle: Release

Answer 16

1. Release of new viruses from the host cell
2. Virus leave either by lysis, budding or exocytosis