Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunology 9.14 > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

eg. of Helical virus type (3)

A

RNA only
Measles
Rabies
Tobacco mosaic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

eg of Icosahedral virus type (3)

A

DNA or RNA
Herpes simplex
Poliovirus
Poxvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

eg of Complex virus type (3)

A

Mostly RNA
Bacteriophage
Influenza
Smallpox (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 stages of viral lifecycle in body

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Entry & Uncoating
  3. Transcription / Genome replication
  4. Assembly (maturation)
  5. Release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structure of virus -

A

Genome (DNA or RNA) inside protein capsid box made of capsomeres.
=NUCLEOCAPSID

If just like this = NAKED
If has lipid bilayer with protein spikes = ENVELOPED

Whole thing together = VIRION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Method of attachment to cell

A

Protein spikes attach to specific cell membrane receptors - some viruses only go into 1 type of cell, others have multiple receptors possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 Methods of Entry to cell & how they work:

A
  1. Translocation (poorly understood - goes straight through membrane)
  2. Fusion (pH INDEPENDANT) (only enveloped viruses) - cell membrane fuses with viral envelope - nucleocapsid enters cell.
  3. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis (pH DEPENDANT). Most common method.
    Virus internalized in vacuole, inside vacuole incr. acid by pumping H+ ions in, when pH acid enough - vacuole lyses & release virus)
    Naked & enveloped types.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does genome replication usually occur for RNA and DNA viruses?

A

RNA - cytoplasm

DNA - nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transcription (Protein creation)

What do DNA viruses use to create mRNA to create proteins

A

Host DNA dependant RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do most RNA viruses use to create mRNA – proteins

A

Their own RNA dependant RNA polymerase creates the mRNA
or
their RNA goes straight to ribosomes as mRNA –> builds RNA polymerase, then use this to create mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do +mRNA viruses use to create proteins

A

go straight to ribosomes and create from mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do retroviruses enable transcription and translation

A

they carry viral DNA polymerase - create DNA with this, then use host to creat ds DNA then splice into host DNA for replication & transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do DNA viruses replicate their genome

A

Using host DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do naked viruses exit the cell

A

Lysis when cell dies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do enveloped viruses exit the cell

A

Exocytosis - spikes embed into cell membrane, nucleocapsid is enveloped and virus “buds” off from cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does “maturation” refer to

A

When a virus becomes infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

Rotavirus

A

DS RNA, Reoviridae, gastroenteritis in kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

Influenza

A

Orthomyxovirus, -SS RNA, Flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

Parainfluenza

A

Paramyxovirus, -SS RNA, Resp infection - croup in kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial virus)

A

Paramyxovirus, -SS RNA, Respiratory - bronchioitis in kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

Measles

A

Paramyxovirus, -SS RNA, Measles - Koplik spots (tongue?) rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

Mumps

A

Paramyxovirus, -SS RNA, Mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

Rabies

A

Rhabdovirus, -SS RNA, Rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Family, Genome type, Disease:

Norovirus

A

Caliciviridae, +SS RNA,

Gastro in enclosed communities, eg cruise ships, prisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Poliovirus
Picornaviridae, +SSRNA, | Polio
26
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Rhinovirus
Picornaviridae - +SSRNA, | Common Cold
27
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Coxsachie = enterovirus
Picornaviridae, +SSRNA | Gastro & hand, foot & mouth in kids
28
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Astrovirus
Astroviridae, +SS RNA | Gastro - adults & kids
29
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Rubella
Togaviridae +SS RNA | Rubella - teratogenic
30
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Coronavirus
Coronaviridae Resp (common cold) & gastro SARS
31
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Herpes simplex 1&2
Herpesviridae, DS DNA | Mouth / genital ulcers
32
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Varicella zoster
Herpesviridae, DS DNA | Chickenpox and shingles
33
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Cytomegalovirus
Herpesviridae, DS DNA | CMV = infection of immunocompromised
34
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Epstein barr
Herpesviridae, DS DNA | Glandular fever - infects B cells
35
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Human herpes 6&7
HerpeviridaeDS DNA | Roseola infantum - high fever, then drops, as rash appears & pink spots. not serious common in young kids.
36
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Molluscum contagiosum
Poxviridae DS DNA | Molluscum contagiosum - red papule spots, non painful, bit itchy, contagious, resolveds in 12 months.
37
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Adenovirus
Adenoviridae DS DNA | Upper RT infect & gastro
38
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Papilloma virus
Papillomaviridae DS DNA | Warts
39
Family, Genome type, Disease: | Parvovirus B19
``` Parvoviridae Erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek syndrome) ```
40
Two types of poxviridae - one now eradicated and one used as the vaccine for it.
Variola - smallpox | Vaccinia - vaccine (related to cowpox)
41
Aciclovir (also valaciclovir & famciclovir) is effective against which viruses (2)
Herpes | Varicella zoster
42
Side effects of aciclovir (2)
GI / Neurotoxicity
43
Ganciclovir - good for which virus?
Cytomegalovirus (immunosuppressed)
44
SE of Ganciclovir (4 blood related)
Neutropaenia Thrombocytopaenia Leucopaenia Pancytopaenia
45
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - used for what virus?
Influenza
46
SE of oseltamivir (3)
Headache, nausea, cough
47
What does haemagglutinin glycopeptide on influenza membrane do
Binds to sialic acid receptor on cell membrane (eg resp tract cell or rbc)
48
What does neuroaminidase on flu virus do?
Responsible for "budding" virus from cell membrane when leaving human cell.
49
How does aciclovir work
Binds to DNA of herpes and VZ virus - interrupts DNA replication
50
How does oseltamivir work
Combines with neuroaminidase - stops virus from budding from cell
51
What do immunoglobulins attach to on viruses to prevent virus binding to cell & entering
haemagglutinin
52
What phase of viral lifecycle does ganciclovir work at
Replication
53
Where does measles enter the body
Resp tract
54
Where does measles multiply before spreading through the blood
Lymph nodes
55
What receptor, common to many cells, does measles bind to allowing it to act systemically
CD46
56
How does rabies enter body
Via skin - bite
57
How does rabies spread throughout the body
Via PNS then CNS / ANS - nerves basically
58
What 4 cellular responses are there to viral infection
1. Cell death 2. Transformation (retroviruses incorp into DNA) 3. Cell fusion 4. Cytopathic (inclusion bodies within cell)
59
What 3 criteria must ALL be met for the TREATMENT (eg Tamiflu) of influenza in most people?
1. Flu must be circulating (over 100 suspected cases/ 100 000) 2. They are at risk (old, immunocompromised) 3. It is within 48 hrs of onset of symptoms
60
What 4 criteria must ALL be met for PROPHYLAXIS of flu
1. Must be flu circulating 2. Must be at risk (old immunocompr) 3. Must be in contact with person with flu symptoms 4. Not effectively vaccinated
61
What 4 groups are eligible for flu vaccination
1. Over 65s 2. Risk groups (immunocompr) 3. Pregnant women 4. 2-18 yo

Immunology 9.14 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions