Innate & Acquired Imm System Flashcards
(26 cards)
Are B & T cells from Lymphoid or Myeloid precursors?
Lymphoid
What is the most abundant class of antibody 75%
IgG
What is the first antibody to be made
IgM
Summarise what a B cells function is
Presents antibody immunoglobulin on cell surface - if antigen (eg on bacteria virus) matches it, the B cell will proliferate, making clones = antibody factories.
These antibodies attach to the bact antigen & “flag” it for destruction by macrophages.
Where are class 1 Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) found & what do they do?
Surface of human cells, - “flag” to Killer T Cells that they are infected - killer T cell causes cell apoptosis.
Where are class 2 Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) found & what do they do?
Outside of macrophages - present pathogen antigen to Helper T cells which create cytokines - furthering immune response.
The process of ensuring immature B cells do not recognise “self” which involves either Receptor editing or Anergy and occurs in bone marrow is what
Central tolerance
What is anergy
B cell is only mildly self recognising so is down graded and becomes unresponsive.
What is receptor editing
B cell antibodies that recognise self either change to new ones or apoptosis.
Process of continuing to ensure B cells do not recog self and occurs in 2ary lymph tissue is what
Peripheral tolerance
This immunoglobulin is the first to be created on virgin B cells
IgM
This immunoglobulin binds to invaders and opsonizes for phagocytes - most common Ig
IgG
This immunoglobulin found at mucosal surfaces and breast milk
IgA
This immunoglobulin prod in response to specific allergens and cause mast cells to degranulate
IgE
What type of cell gives virgin B cells BAFF cytokine on their surface, prolonging their lifespan.
Follicular dendritic cells
Where in the lymph nodes do follicular dendritic cells (and B cells for a short while) live
Cortex
Where in the lymph node do t cells live
Paracortex
What is converted to a T helper cell by the presentation of antigen on a tissue dendritic cell?
CD4 T cell
Where in the lymph node is the germinal centre of the follicle where activated B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switching of Igs
Cortex
In the germinal centre B cells become one of 2 types of cell: what are they
(apical light zone) Memory B cells, - stick around in circulation until next time same pathogen arrives.
(basal light zone) Plasma cells - clone antibody factories
Where is Thrombopoeitin and Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) produced (TPO) what do they do
Bone marrow
TPO - create megakaryocyte – then platelets
GCSF - creat neutrophils & eosinophils
Where is Erythropoietin produced (EPO) what does it do
Kidney
Turns myeloid progenitor cell into RBC
3 Cytokines produced by macrophage in inflammatory response - cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, incr endoth permeability
TNF alpha
IL1
IL6
in thymus - First part of t cell maturation - cortical Thymic Epithelial Cells (cTEC) present MHC to T cells, if bind to it will survive
Positive selection
