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Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

hepatitis

A

family of more than 5 labeled alphabetically

can be RNA or DNA and different sizes

all cause necrosis of the liver and loss of liver function

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2
Q

host cell of hepatitis

A

hepatocyte

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3
Q

acute hepatitis infections

A 
fever
fatique 
nausea
dark brown urine
jaundice 
last 1-6 months
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4
Q

fulminant hepatitis infections

A

severe
high fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, siezures, coma
70-90% fatality rate

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5
Q

hep A transmission

A

fecal-oral

once in replicates in the intestines and then moves into the bloodstream then finally settling in the liver

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6
Q

hep a recovery

A

2-3 months

once virus cleared, will have life long immunity

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7
Q

hep B transmission

A

blood, semen, mother to infant during birth and lactation, and fomite

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8
Q

hep b recovery

A

1-6 months

unless becomes chronic

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9
Q

hep b chronic infection

A

10% become chronic
does not clear from the body
can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer after 25-30 years of incubation

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10
Q

50% of patients with liver cancer had…

A

chronic HBV infection

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11
Q

hep c transmission

A

blood, less commonly STD

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12
Q

75% of hep c infections are…

A

asymptomatic

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13
Q

interferon is given for

A

hep b and c infection

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14
Q

sovaldi

A

for hep C

antiviral

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15
Q

defective virus

A

hep D

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16
Q

hep D

A

coinfects with hep B - needs Hep b for its assembly

combination of b and D causes more severe symptoms than just B

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17
Q

hep d transmission

A

blood and std

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18
Q

hep e transmission

A

fecal-oral

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19
Q

hep e

A

similar symptoms to A but more severe
no asymptomatic infection
no current treatment

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20
Q

hep e in pregnant women

A

fulminant infection
20% mortality rate
30% infant mortality rate

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21
Q

herpes subfamilies

A

herpes simplex
varicella-zoster
Epstein-barr

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22
Q

all herpes viruses are

A

latent

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23
Q

oral herpes

A

simplex 1

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24
Q

genital herpes

A

simplex 2

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25
common herpes simplex characteristics
no viremia sensitive to heat, drying, and detergents latencye
26
viremia
viruses in the bloo stream
27
herpes simplex transmission
direct body contact - no fomite transmission
28
primary herpes simplex symptoms
50% asymptomatic in primary infection - 50% will have fever, swollen lymph nodes, pain and lesion in the mucous membranes
29
oral herpes lesions last
7-10 days
30
genital herpes lesion slast
23 weeks
31
where do herpes simplex virions hide during latency
in the nerve cells closest to the site of entry
32
ex of stress that will reactive herpes simplex
uv light hormones emotional stress physical trauma
33
herpes secondary infection
lesions recur at the same site as during the primary infection will last 7-10 days
34
herpes simplex treatment
acyclovir inhibit the replication of the virus and decrease the duration of the primary infection will not prevent latency or recurrence
35
varicella zoster transmission
respiratory droplet | direct body contact
36
varicella in the body
first viremia the to repiratory tract to lymph nodes, to liver and spleen 2nd viremia when virus overcomes the spleen and moves out to the skin and mucous membranes the virus replicates in the skin causing chicken pox
37
varicella incubation time
2-3 weeks
38
varicella latency
hides in vertebral neurons
39
post herpatic neuralgia
complication of shingles occurs in 50% of patients >60 the virus moves out of neuron and injurs nerve leading to chronic pain for months to years
40
post herpatic neuralgia treatment
acyclovir can hasten recovery if given within 3 days of appearance of the rash
41
smallpox
dsDNA with complex capsid and envelope
42
smallpox transmission
direct body contact respiratory droplet fomite airborne a single particle is enough to cause infection
43
types of smallpox
variola minor | variola major
44
variola minor mortality
<1%
45
variola major mortality
kills 1/3
46
small pox symptoms
abrupt fever, chills, muscle aches, flat rash on chest abdomen and back rash and fever fades after 3 days fever return with bumpy rash on hands, feet, face which progresses to the chest, abdomen, and back the bumps fill with fluid over 10-12 days then scab over leaving permenant pox
47
hemorrhagic smallpox
sledgehammer smallpox fatality within 5-7 days massive, uncontrolled bleeding from lesions and mucus membranes can have additional complications like bacterial infection of lesions, pneumonia, bone infections, blindness
48
small pox treatment
none
49
worry about bioterrorism with
smallpox
50
ebola
virions shaped like elongated filaments and sometimes coiled into strange shapes envelope ssRNA virions released by budding from host cell
51
ebola causes disease in
humans and non human primates
52
ebola transmission
direct body contact through broken skin or mucous membranes via - blood/body fluids - fomite such as syringes contaminated - infected fruit bats or primates - semen from man who has recovered from ebola
53
ebola symptoms
fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, unexplained hemorrhaging
54
ebola incubation
2-21 days | average is 8-10 days
55
people who recover from ebola develop...
antibodies that last for at least 10 years
56
ebola long term complications
joint and vision problems
57
zika
polyhedral envelope RNA
58
zika transmission
anthropod vector - mosquito mother to child during pregnancy sexual intercourse blood transfusion
59
zika symptoms
asymptomatic or may have fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis, muscle pain and headaches lasting for several days to a week
60
zika complications
infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe defects such as defects of eye, hearing, impaired growth, and increased Guillain-Barre
61
zika is though to target
mal reproductive system
62
locations of zika
``` brazil south America central American north America Caribbean Singapore Malaysia ```
63
zika prevention
clothing to protect from moquitos, insect repellent, minimize mosquitos population, protected sex

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