Picornavirus virus morphology
Naked RNA positive sense
Transmission of picornavirus
Fecal oral route
Proliferation of Positive sense virus
Viral RNA inserted in cell and host cell translate protein using own cell’s system
Picornavirus protein product
Polyprotein cleaved by viral proteiases
RNA positive sense replication occurs in what dcell part
Cytoplasm
Examples of Picornavirus
Hepatitis A
Enterovirus (poliovirus, echovirus, coxsackie virs)
Rhinovirus
Transmission of Polio and Replication
Fecal oral route, replicates in Peyer’s patches (2-3 weeks), then invasdes anterior horn of spinal cord
Symptoms of polio
Asymmetric paralysis, myalgia, respiratory insufficiency from paralysis
Aseptic meningitis
Treatment of Polio
NONE - only vaccine
OPV vs IPV
OPV - live attenuated, creates both IgG and IgA
IPV - killed
bypasses GI tract, forms IgG not IgA
Coxsackie A vs B
A - Hand, foot, and Mouth Disease - red vesicular rash
Viral meningitis
Summer months
B - dilated cardiomyopathy, Devil’s grip, Bornholm disease, pleurodynia - sharp pain on chest
Unique features of rhinovirus compared to others picornavirus
Acid labnile. Cannot be transmitted fecal oral route
Transmission of rhinovirus
Respiratory, attaches to ICAM-1 on host cells
Rhinovirus grows in what temperatures
Cool temperatures, which is why ionfects upper respiratory tract
Transmission of Hepatitis A
Fecal oral route, transmitted from infected feces contaminating water, shellfish
Purifying techniques to avoid Hep A
Chlorinated,Bleached, UV radiation, bboiled
Anicteric hepatitis in young children is caused by?
Hepatitis A
Duration of illness in Hepatitis A
1 month self limiting, no carrier or chronic state
Hepatitis A vaccine is what type?
Inactivated
Calicivirus morphology
Positive Sense RNA virus, naked virus
Most common calicivirus
Norovirus (Norwalk)
Norwalk manifestations
Diarrhea in crowded places, children, day care, schools, shellfish consumption
Explosive watery viral gastroenteritis
Flavivirus structure
Enveloped RNA virus positive sense
Dengue is what kind of virus
Flavivirus
Breakbone fever is also known as
Dengue
Yellow fever vector
Aedesaegypti
Symptoms of fyerllow fever
Backache, jaundice, bloody dioarrhea, hematemesis
West nile virus reservoir
birds
Symptoms of west nile virus
Encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, seizures
Vector of West nile virus
Culex
Flavivirus examples
Hep C
Dengue
West Nile Virus
Yellow Fever
Mechanism of antigenic variability in Hep C
3-5 exonuclease is noit proofread, so errors lead to antigentic variation
Acute infection of Hep C marker
ALT rise and fall in 6 months, anti-HCV
Chronic infection of Hep C marker
anti-HCV persists, cryoglobulin,
Treatment of Hepatitis C
Ribavirin + IFN a,
Two Examples of togavirus
Arbovirus, Rubella
Three arbovirus examples
Western Equine, Venezuelan Equine, Eastern Equine Virus
Symptoms of arbovirus
encephalitis
Vector s of Arbovirus
Arthropods (nmosquitos)
Togavirus morphology
Enveloped RNA virus pos sense
Symptoms of rubella
postauricular, auricuulotemporal lymphadenopathy
maculopapular rash beginning on face, spreading downard present for 3 days
fever, fatigue,arthritis
Transmission of rubella
Respiratory droplets
Congenital Rubella Manifestations
PDA, congenital cataract, congenital deafness
Mental retardation, miocrocephaly, , blindness, jaundice
blueberry muffin rash
Rubella vaccine type
Live attenuated
HIV positive CD4 count needed before vaccination
CD4>200
Coronavirus structure
Encapsulated RNA positive sense virus
Shape of capsule of coronavirus
Helical
Coronavirus example
Common cold, SARS, MERS, acute bronchitis
HIV morphology
RNA single strand virus, enveloped, Diploid (2 RNA molecules for virion)
HIV genes and function
gag , p24, RNA capsule
env gene - envelope of virus makes glycoprotein 41 (transmembrane) and 120 (outer glycoprotein)
pol gene - reverse transcriptase
Cell which HIV imnitially infects
Macrophage and Helper T cells (CD4)
Prodrome of HIV
Lymphadenopathy, fever, lasting for several weeks, self limiting
Events on the latent period
HIV replicates in lymph nodes
AIDS CD4 count cutoff
<200
Malignancy caused bny HIV
Diffuse large B cell llymphomna
Receptors ion cell whioch allow HIOV to enter CD4
CCR5, (early)CXCR4 (late)
Diagnosis of HIV
Screening - Elisa
Confirmation - Western Blot
Drug for HIV in pregnant patients
Zidovudine