Viruses - T1 S2

Question 1

What killed mor people in the US than WWI, WWII, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War combined?

Answer 1

the flu pandemic of 1918

Question 2

Viruses are (smaller and simpler / larger and more complex) than cells.

Answer 2

smaller and simpler

Question 3

What two things do all viruses have?

Answer 3

genetic info (DNA/RNA) and protein coat (capsid),
some may have an envelope

Question 4

the site where a virus exists in nature

Answer 4

reservoir

Question 5

(T/F) Virtually all species of animals, fungi, plants, protists, and bacteria get viral infections.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

(T/F) A virus can only enter a cell that has a specific receptor on its surface.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Are viruses alive?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

Are viruses a part of the taxonomic hierarchy?

Answer 8

no,

grouped by chemical similarities instead

Question 9

List the 5 stages viral replication occurs in.

Answer 9

attachment, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release

Question 10

stage of viral replication: virus binds cell surface receptor

Answer 10

attachment

Question 11

stage of viral replication: viral nucleic acid is released inside host cell

Answer 11

penetration

Question 12

stage of viral replication: host cell manufactures viral nucleic acids and proteins

Answer 12

synthesis

Question 13

stage of viral replication: new viruses are assembled from newly synthesized coat proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids

Answer 13

assembly

Question 14

stage of viral replication: new viruses leave the host cell

Answer 14

release

Question 15

virus enters cell, immediately replicates and lyses the host

Answer 15

lytic infection

Question 16

What is “phage therapy” used for?

Answer 16

bacterial infections

targeted to specific bacteria

Question 17

genetic material of a virus is replicated along with the host cell’s chromosome, host isn’t immediately destroyed

Answer 17

lysogenic infection
(can switch to lytic pathway)

Question 18

the time between exposure to disease agent, and disease signs and/or symptoms

Answer 18

incubation period

Question 19

virus causing dead and damaged cells in the airway cause respiratory symptoms including coughing and sore throat, fever and body aches caused by cytokines released by the immune system

Answer 19

influenza virus

causes flu

Question 20

more cases of disease than expected

Answer 20

epidemic

Question 21

a widespread, worldwide epidemic

Answer 21

pandemic

Question 22

type of infection that does not produce disease symptoms, viral genetic information is inside the cell

Answer 22

latent infection

Question 23

virus causing cold sores on lips; stressed cells release viruses that infect other cells, cold sores are localized death of these cells

Answer 23

herpes simplex virus type I

Question 24

virus that uses reverse transcriptase

Answer 24

retrovirus

Question 25

retrovirus with RNA genome that infects helper T cells (loss of these cells leads to AIDS)

Answer 25

HIV

Question 26

virus causing cervical cancer by signaling host cell to divide continuously

Answer 26

human papillomavirus

Question 27

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 27

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 28

What does AIDS stand for?

Answer 28

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 29

HIV leads to AIDS which leads to...

Answer 29

opportunistic infections

Question 30

first virus ever discovered

Answer 30

tobacco mosaic virus

Question 31

How are most viruses in plants spread?

Answer 31

by plant-eating insects, through plasmodesmata

Question 32

What can we use in plants to fight off infections?

Answer 32

posttranscriptional gene silencing

Question 33

What help fight viral infections?

Answer 33

drugs and vaccines

Question 34

some of these interfere with enzymes or other proteins that are unique to viruses

Answer 34

antiviral drugs

Question 35

What aspect of viruses complicates our ability to fight them off with?

Answer 35

genetic variability

Question 36

(T/F) Few medicines inhibit viruses without killing the infected host cells.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What does vaccination do?

Answer 37

teaches immune system to recognize virus

Question 38

In the process of making some vaccines, what is used to produce viruses?

Answer 38

fertilized chicken eggs

Question 39

a viral disease that causes acute inflammation of the brain in humans and other warm-blooded animals

Answer 39

rabies

Question 40

What is the incubation period of rabies?

Answer 40

typically 1-3 months

Question 41

How is rabies spread?

Answer 41

animal bites

Question 42

mosquito-transmitted virus (RNA) associated with microcephaly, causing learning disabilities, impaired motor functions, difficulty with movement and balance, and speech delays

Answer 42

Zika virus

Question 43

an infectious RNA molecule; naked RNA, doesn't encode proteins, interferes with ability to produce proteins

Answer 43

viroid

Question 44

an infectious protein; abnormal form causes brain cells to die, cause of "mad cow disease" and Kuru

Answer 44

prion

Question 45

virus that may be the ancestor of HIV

Answer 45

SIV ( simian immunodeficiency virus)

Question 46

What was SIVsm identified as the source of?

Answer 46

HIV-2

Question 47

normal cellular protein, multiple shapes; if one is abnormal it can cause disease, contact with abnormal forms causes normal form to switch

Answer 47

PrP