Vision

Question 1

Wavelength

Answer 1

Longer: Red
Shorter: Violet

Question 2

Amplitude

Answer 2

Height determines brightness

Question 3

Purity

Answer 3

Single wavelength: completely saturated
Multiple: Natural light (de-saturated)

Question 4

Visible spectrum

Answer 4

Our Total range of sensitivity to wavelengths of light

Question 5

Infrared Spectrum

Answer 5

Made up of wavelengths longer than humans are able to perceive

Question 6

Cornea

Answer 6

Allows light to pass through, beginning focusing process

Question 7

Sclera

Answer 7

Tougher white membrane covering eye

Question 8

Pupil

Answer 8

Light passes through after the cornea

Question 9

Iris

Answer 9

Controls size of pupil

Question 10

Lens

Answer 10

Light passes through after the pupil
- Focusing of light onto the retina

Question 11

Lens Accomodation

Answer 11

Object is close = lens gets rounder
Object is far = lens gets elongated

Question 12

Vitreous Humor

Answer 12

Light passes through after the lens

Question 13

Retina

Answer 13

Where physical stimulus translates into neural impulses

Question 14

Photoreceptors

Answer 14

Translate physical stimulus into neural signal that is relayed to brain

Question 15

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

Answer 15

Where photoreceptors gets nutrients

Question 16

Rods

Answer 16

• Low light intensities
• No colour info
• Poor acuity
• Periphery

Question 17

Cones

Answer 17

• high light intensities
• Provide colour, sharpness and acuity
• Central

Question 18

Ganglion cells

Answer 18

Collect info from larger segment of retina

Question 19

What causes the blind spot?

Answer 19

Axons converge on optic disc leading there to be no photoreceptors

Question 20

Horizontal and amacrine cells

Answer 20

Allow areas within retinal layer to communicate with each other

Question 21

Receptive Field

Answer 21

Collection of rods and cones that when stimulated fire receptive field of that retinal ganglion cell

Question 22

Right visual field

Answer 22

Input from right nasal and left temporal
- processed in left visual cortex

Question 23

Left visual field

Answer 23

Input from left nasal and right temporal
- processed in right visual cortex

Question 24

What is meant by receptive fields being arranged in topographic map?

Answer 24

Neighboring locations in retina project to neighboring locations in visual cortex

Question 25

Extrastriate Cortex

Answer 25

Outside of Primary Visual Cortex - Subserve functions related to colour, motion and object recognition

Question 26

Dorsal Stream

Answer 26

Depth and motion in the field - Runs from extrastriate cortex to parietal lobe

Question 27

Ventral Stream

Answer 27

Colour and form of object - Runs from extrastriate cortex to temporal love

Question 28

How is visual info compressed

Answer 28

many photoreceptors to less ganglion cells to less LGN cells to less visual cortical cells

Question 29

Eye Evolution

Answer 29

cumulative selection: an evolutionary process whereby new adaptations are layered upon old adaptations

Question 30

First part of eye evolution

Answer 30

Algae used light as energy creating action potentials c

Question 31

Second part of eye evolution

Answer 31

Light sensitive patch formed into a slight curve - allows direction of light to be sensed

Question 32

Third part of eye evolution

Answer 32

Curved patch turned into aperture - allowed to resolve detail of image

Question 33

Fourth part of eye evolution

Answer 33

Developed to crude lens - complete with lens, cornea and spherical shape

Question 34

Fifth part of eye evolution

Answer 34

Adjustable lens - being able to focus and process things at different distances

Question 35

Factors that influence eye architecture

Answer 35

- Do they live in area with light - Does food come from above or below - The movement, colour or shape of their prey

Question 36

Simple Eyes

Answer 36

Eyeball, lens and retina - Crude lenses and accommodating lenses

Question 37

Compound Eyes

Answer 37

Arrangement of tubule units called ommatidia - All pointing different direction to gather light that is right in front of it - Many separate signals to one image

Question 38

Two main functions of the eye

Answer 38

Resolution (Acuity, sharpness) Sensitivity (ability to get enough light)

Question 39

Big Eyes

Answer 39

Species that need better eyesight - Either good for night vision or acuity

Question 40

Eye Placement

Answer 40

Lateral: Prey to see all around them Front-Facing: Predators to have good perception

Question 41

Eye Development

Answer 41

Around 3 months old, infants ability to focus has improved to almost adult level